摘要:本文是英国伦敦大学皇家玛丽学院的一篇对政府采购和创新的研究的留学生作业,政府采购系统最初形成于18世纪末到19世纪初的西方自由资本主义国家。一个多世纪以来,政府采购已经在国家的社会、经济、外交方面发挥了重要作用并且占了政府开支很大的一部分,据统计,政府采购通常占一个国家GDP的10 - 15%。通过采购系统,政府不仅完成了政府采购职能的基本目标,以鼓励和促进工业目标的发展,而且通过他们的采购计划和决策来实现某些国内和国际的政策目标。
en circumstances, all Purchasing information is public, and requires the ability to more fully reflect the procurement process, fairness, justice and the principle of openness of the procurement process normative.
Government procurement is non-profit. Government procurement for non-commercial procurement, government procurement is not intended to profit, but to achieve the government's functions, to provide consumer goods for government departments and the provision of public services to the community.
Government procurement’s policy. State management of public expenditure management is an important means for the economy, and therefore their buying behavior must be consistent with national policy requirements, including maximum expenditure savings and promote the development of specific industries to stimulate economic growth, strengthening international economic cooperation, to reduce the international economic friction, and so on.
2.1.2 The characteristics of independent innovation
In independent innovation, the key breakthrough of knowledge and technology or systems, which is achieved on their own, this is the nature and characteristics of independent innovation. In a variety of innovative activities, independent innovation is the most proactive; innovation and the main way through the sudden introduction of innovations, and on this basis for improvement an innovative form.
Innovations include technology innovation, system innovation and management innovation. But now the international competition in science and technology to compete in the final analysis, it is a competition of strength, but also scientific and technological innovation competition. Independent technological innovation is the most important part of the content of independent innovation, and also is the most need of parts in China's economic and technological development.
2.2 Relation analysis
Government procurement in improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure, while such policies have the function of regulating the economy, so unified and intentional government procurement can be effective in promoting scientific and technological progress, the promotion of national or company has a huge role in independent innovation.
2.2.1 The demand-pull effect of government procurement for technology innovation
The Government has a large market demand for space, in the developed countries, government procurement amounted to about 20% of the GDP, this amount sufficient to cause the direction of the market demand and structural change. Moreover, the government in order to achieve its functions, often need to purchase high-tech projects and services to enhance work efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the use of government procurement to create market space, and encourage independent technological innovation for its own technological innovation and development of high-tech industry has played a very good demand-pull effect. Such as the U.S. aviation industry, computer and semiconductor industries, the establishment and development to a large extent rely on the government's procurement policy to give the first impetus.
2.2.2 Government procurement can be reduced uncertainty in the process of independent innovation, share the risks of innovative enterprises.
Government procurement can give innovat
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