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h a non-linguistic outcome can be considered as tasks. So the drill of the linguistic form is actually exercise instead of tasks. While  the  representatives  of  the  latter,  such  as  Nunan,  Littlewood,  Williams,  and  Burden,  reach  an consensus  that  tasks  can  be  seen  as  a  continuum,  at  the  two  ends  of  which  are  enabling  tasks  and communicative tasks (Littlewoood:2004). Enabling tasks refer to such activities that focus on the linguistic form in the pre-task stage. They are designed to provide learners the necessary linguistic tools to carry out the communicative tasks smoothly and effectively. The drill of enabling tasks should also be as meaningful as possible.  
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2.2 Brief Review of Studies on English Writing in Junior Middle Schools  
Writing in English teaching means students use the written language to create texts according to some specific demands to develop and improve their abilities in writing. To be exact, writing in English teaching works  as  a  means  to  develop  students'  writing  abilities  instead  of  for  writing  itself.  So  the  teaching  of English writing should not merely focus on teaching students some techniques to deal with exams, instead, the teacher should pour more attention to help students grasp some writing skills and strategies so that they can write independently in the future.  The  English  Curriculum  Standards(ECS)  listed  five  levels  for  students’  English  learning  in compulsory education stage and states that the ability of 8th-graders should reach level 4. The requirements in  writing  at  level  4  are  as  follows:  able  to  use  the  punctuation  marks  correctly;  able  to  use  phrases  or simple  sentences  to  describe  the  pictures  that  students  have  made;  able  to  write  brief  paragraphs,  such  as directions and rules; able to draft and revise the writing products with the help of the teacher or in the way of group discussion.  According  to  ECS,  the  aim  of  English  writing  between  level  3  to  5  is  to  develop  students’  basic writing  abilities  in  delivering  facts,  opinions,  and  expressing  feelings  coherently,  enabling  them  to  take delight in using the written language to convey their meaning. And the selection of the writing topic should keep the following rules: appropriate to students’ levels; close to their life; with a specific topic and a clear purpose;  favorable  for  cooperative  learning;  interesting  and  authentic.  In  the  writing  class,  the  teacher needs to be available to guide, demonstrate, inspire, discuss，comment, and encourage students to progress. They  should  design  all  kinds  of  activities  to  help  students 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。