英语论文网

Americans like any other people of the country. In Nella Larsen’s novel Passing, one person refuses to emigrate to Africa because she thinks she is American, grows up in the American land and do not want her root to be pulled out. Hughes shows definitely in much poesy that he is an American. He writes in the Big Sea that I am just an Afro-American, though I love the appearance and rhythm of Africa, I am not African, I am Chicagoan, Kansas and Broadway people⑦. Though the Afro-Americans suffer a lot in their own country from the brutal and callous racialism of white, their determination of motherland identity is strong and unchanged. Though the ancestor of the new black is in Africa, they think they must strive in the land to be called by them the homestead. They struggle not for overthrowing the America but establishing their idea that the black can enter into the American society with dignity and become a real American citizen who has the right and obligation in constitution. It is the American identity of the Afro-American that make them identified by more and more Americans and the black culture identified by the whole American. And it also makes them aided by more people on the way of striving for rights. Next, the black consider the black culture as a branch of American culture with one of the final aim of making the black enter into the American society with dignity and contribute to the development of American culture. The new black intellectual considers their culture as the production of American society⑧. Therefore, this is more propitious for the Afro-American culture mixes into the “melting port” of American culture. And the development of the Afro-American culture has broader space. Anyway, it is the American and cultural self-identity of the Afro-American that makes the Afro-American culture have wider development space, gain more American’s assistants and recognizing and become an jewelly part of American culture. Ⅳ. The Struggle that the Afro-American had Made The earliest Afro-American’s struggle for human rights started off with church. In north, the liberated black first organized and established church themselves to get rid of the white’s church. Under the leading of the black church, the black of northern big cities once launched many bedins to ask for abolishing the slavery completely and giving the black more decision-making rights. John Russwurm, one of the earliest black people who gained university diploma, founded Freedom’s Journal in 1827. At that time, the journal became the forerunner of anti-slavery. The journal also declared that if the slave could not be given freedom, they should stand up and have rebellion to gain freedom with their blood. Many actives who advocated to abolish slavery secretly founded a liaison net composed by more than 3000 people in America and Canada to help the black in southern America escape from the slave owner to Canada and states of north which had abolished the slavery. At that time, the slave owners called the secret network “Underground Railroad”. Though the Civil War from 1861 to 1865 abolished the slavery, the black still suffered the racialism and oppression and it was hard for the Afro-American to enjoy the treatment as same as the white in Politics, economy, education, housing and many other aspects. They lived in the bottom of the American society and had the threatening of unemployment, poverty, illness and death at any moment. So they carried through a series o