冷战后美国外交的文化阐释US Post-Cold War Foreign Policy from a Cultural Perspective [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-12编辑:刘宝玲点击率:14191
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904121453404835语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:Post Cold WarUS foreign policycultural interpretation冷战后美国外交文化阐释
ost-Cold War foreign policy. They provide the rule and basic guideline of the US foreign policy, and at the same time, the more important thing is that it leads the tendency of foreign policy unconsciously in the US Post-Cold War global strategy.
I. A General Discription of the Three Kinds of Ideologies
A. Liberalism
Liberalism⒁ (p183) is the twin brother of individualism in the US society, it is all characterized by the freedom of belief and religion, the freedom of speech, and the freedom of pursuing fortune, all of which can be proved in The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution of the United States of America, and The Human Rights.
For starters, classical liberalism espouses freedom of the individual from interference by the state, toleration by the state in matters of morality and religion, a hands-off style of governance that emphasizes economic freedom so that the capitalistic invisible hand can work its will, as well as the belief that natural rights (procedural due process) exist independently of government. Liberalism is defined by two presidents - Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon Johnson. FDR and LBJ advocated government programs for the welfare of individuals. They aimed for the collective good of society, not egalitarianism, en route to a unified sense of human equity.
In the eyes of President Wilson, freedom and its system of English-Americans are universal. The four freedoms advocated by President Roosevelt also mirror American culture: “In the future days which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a word founded upon four essential human freedoms, the first is freedom of speech and expression – everywhere in the world, the second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way – everywhere in the world, the third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants – everywhere in the world, the forth is freedom from fear, which, translated in to world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an physical aggression against any neighbor – anywhere in the world.” (https://post.baidu.com/f?kz=19795771). All of these are the typical ideologies deeply complied with by the American citizens. Liberalism is the base of US politics and culture as well as the precept of its country establishment. The Japanese-US professor of the Johns Hopkins University Francis Fukuyama(https://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-fukuyama/revisited_3496.jsp) thinks the two World War, the subsequent revolutionary, and the storm and stress make Europe on the top of human civilization and the whole North Americans realize
their freedom dream much more enough than ever before. In his view, the fundamental change in the 20th century is the victory of liberalism of economy and politics, which will take over people’s mind in future. Obviously, liberalism is always regarded as the most representative ideology and the most typical symbol of American culture.
B. Realism
Unlike what people often think, national interests, realism, and idealism are all not the most accurate terminologies to describe the US foreign policy. The US people believe in “manifest destiny” and “American exceptionism” much more. Realism⒀ (p174-176) is not the original concept of the US foreign policy. Either it is like much more than the realpol
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