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gs considered,what is moreimportant等)。常见的逻辑联系所表示的语义关系有:列举、增补、转折、解释、结果、总结等。
五、教学效果对比分析
在大学英语写作教学过程中,有选择地教授学生一些必要的篇章语言学方面的知识是十分重要的,这可以通过对比学生所写的作文(学习篇章语言学前后)得到验证。下面是一位学生在第一学期写的一篇作文:
How to Face Failures
(提示:每个人都会遇到失败/对于强者,失败是成功之母/我们对失败的态度)
Many philosophers have told us that the path to success is full of difficulties.The question is how we face them. To the strong,they believe that failure is the mother of success.They will learn the lessons why they failed and they will never repeat the same mistake any more. Time and time again they may fail,but time and once again they stand up and have one after another tries. On contrast,to the weak,they will retreat and see no bright.At the same time,they may wait,they may complain,they may even laugh at others who struggle to go ahead.
通过分析,我们发现此文中除了有不少用词错误以外,还有如下与篇章结构相关的问题:文章的组织结构凌乱,语义不连贯。第一段无主题句,仅有的两个句子与提示也没有关联性。第二段有主题句,但没有得到有效地展开,即没有阐述清楚“失败是成功之母”这个主题。句与句之间的衔接也有多处不合理之处。
下面是这位学生在学完相关的篇章语言学之后对上文的修改:
Everyone in the world has suffered failures in his life.For example,a student may fail in as very important test; an athlete may be defeated before becoming a champion;a scientist may fail many times in his research or experiments.
To the strong,they believe that failure is the mother of success.When they suffer failures in their life,they will not feel discouraged (they will not think that the world will come to an end). Instead, they will draw lessons both from their failures and others’success.In this sense,each of their failure may be a further step toward their final success.
We must realize that the way to success is full of various difficulties and obstacles.Thus,when we meet with failures in the future,we should not feel defeated. Such confidence is a kind of force that carries us through.
我们发现修改好的作文里基本上没有篇章结构方面的问题。全文层次清楚,句意连贯,句子之间衔接得当。第一段不仅有了主题句,而且主题句得到了比较充分地扩充。第二段的主题句也得到了有效地展开。
六、结语:
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