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ral activities, that is to say, social and cultural environment is the paramount and determined element to decide what  human  being’s  mental  functions  will  be  like.  SCT  was  supposed  to  explain children’s  cognitive  and  psychological  development,  but  with  the  prosperity  of interdisplinary research some experts of applied linguists noticed that this SCT is a good theory  to  study  SLA  or  FLA.  The  beginning  of  applying  SCT  to  second  and  foreign language  research  is  the  article  from  Frawley  and  Lantolf—”Aecond  Language Discourse: A Vygotskian Perspective” published on Applied Linguistics and it was until in  2003  that  Negueruela  in  his  doctoral  dissertation  incorporated  systematically Vygotsky’s  proposals  for  the  first  time  into  a  coherent  of  a  second  language  (L2,  for short) pedagogical program. From then on a number of studies have been conducted to explore the function of SCT on second and foreign language teaching, including works on  dynamic  assessment  and  concept-based  instruction.  Ratner  (2002,  p.  38)  defined SCT  as  the  field  that  “studies  the  content, mode  of  operation,  and  interrelationships of psychological  phenomena  that  are  socially  constructed  and  shared,  and  are  rooted  in other  social  artifacts.”  Lantolf  explained  Ratner’s  proposal  in  a  more  simple  way.  He argued  that  human  psychological  process  are  organized  by  three  fundamental  cultural factors: activities (e.g. education, play, work, etc.), physical and symbolic artifacts (e.g. use  of  physical  tools,  books,  language,  numeracy,  literacy,  art,  etc.),  and  concepts (understanding  about  communities,  personal  relations,  construct  between  the  physical and  mental  world,  religion,  etc.).  Thus,  classroom  instruction  (a  leading  activity) integrates  physical  and  symbolic  artifacts  (including  books,  computers,  language,  etc.) to achieve the goal of developing students’ coherent concept-based knowledge about the scientific world. 
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2.2 A Review of Reading  
Reading  instruction  has  been  a  focal  as  well  as  a  difficult  point  in  FLA  field  for quite  a  long  time,  however,  reading  comprehension  is  a  very  complex  process  which requires readers not only to understand the literal information but to use strategies and skills  to  decode  underlined  meaning  from  texts  and  reading  comprehension  is  very depen本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。