英语论文网

航空公司提供货运和客运航空公司服务。航空公司可以拥有或租赁飞机提供服务;此外,他们可能会进入联盟或相互合作关系。“政府航空机构”航空公司执照或证书的操作(Shaw,2004年,p.56)。根据冷藏室(2009),航空公司从自己公司的一个货物或者邮件大型国际航空公司,提供完整的航空服务(77)。尽管如此,飞机分为国际、地区国内,intra-continental,洲际。此外,他们可能操作章程或预定服务(Shaw,2004年,p.31)。

英国,荷兰,德国,法国,芬兰,比利时,奥地利是欧洲国家第一批接受航空运输的国家(冷藏室,2009年,p.2009)。自1990年来，实质性的影响已经普遍在航空业欧洲市场中被放松管制。这些包括途中的转移,缩短路线和私有化的国家航空公司例如英国航空公司(British Airways)。根据考尔德(2006),大多数航空公司也由于油价上涨遭受了困难(p.167)。在大多数国家中,政府拥有自己国家的航空公司。此外,政府受到私人航空公司规定安全、政治和经济问题。

然而,放松管制已经加强了航空公司与机场安排谈判业务的国家,自由进入和退出市场,根据市场的需求来提供飞机和征收费用。这已经开始了新的航空产业形成激烈的竞争。此外,它导致了负面影响，降低票价的客户群和盈利能力建立航空公司(冷藏室,2009年,p.2009)。因此,航空公司的价格为他们提供的服务，并分配给他们的客户,以最大化利润。

An airline offers freight and passenger carrier services. Airline companies may either own or lease aircrafts to offer their services; moreover, they may enter into alliances or mutual partnerships with each other. The 'Governmental Aviation Body' issues airline companies with a licence or certificate of operation (Shaw, 2004, p.56). According to Plunkett (2009), airlines range from companies that own a single cargo or mail aircraft to large international airlines, which offer full air services (77). Nonetheless, airplanes are categorized into international, regional, domestic, intra-continental, and inter-continental. In addition, they may operate as charters or scheduled services (Shaw, 2004, p.31).

United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, France Finland, Belgium, and Austria were among the first European countries to embrace air transport (Plunkett, 2009, p. 344). Substantial effects have been prevalent in the airline industry in the European market since its deregulation in 1990's. These include a shift en route for shorter routes and privatisation of national airlines for example the British Airways. According to Calder (2006), most airlines have also suffered because of the rise in oil prices (p. 167). In most countries, the government has its own national airlines, which it possesses and in addition, operates. Moreover, the governments subject private airline to regulations for safety, political and economic concerns.

However, deregulation has enhanced airline companies to arrange for negotiations with airports in the countries of their operations, free entry and exit into the market and to supply airplanes and levy fare according to demand in the market. This has seen the start up of new airlines into the industry creating intense competition. In addition, it has resulted to a reduction in ticket fares influencing negatively the customer base and profitability of established airlines (Plunkett, 2009, p. 138). Airlines therefore, allocate price for the services they offer to their customers in a bid to maximize profits. Airfare ticketing has become complex and is currently computerised to get rid of complications which may arise in the course of scheduling aircrafts.

Airline companies' faces financing problems because they must lease or purchase engines and bodies regularly. In addition, for their establishment and in a bid to meet customer expectations, they are compelled to spend high operating and fixed costs. These includes insurance, training, catering, sales, equipments, networks, information technological, spares parts, engines, airplanes, fuel, and labour among other costs (Plu本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。