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WII. The last step of the sectionfocuses of the Neo-mercantilist theory as the steady position of this thesis.Neo-mercantilism is referred here as all kinds of states involvement or intervention andvarious forms of protectionism to promote self-sufficiency and increase their power ofwealth (Cohn, 2000: 62).

1.1.1. Political Economy of British Hegemony before WWII
In 1700s, British were engaged in serious competition with Dutch and Indiantextile producers. While they were able to combat Dutch production because ofcheaper products and Labor costs, they were unable to compete with Indian products.Indian textiles were both cheaper and of a better quality than those produced inEngland (O’Brien and Williams 2010: 88-9). The solution to this competitive problemwas the protection of the domestic market by forbidding the British East IndiaCompany to import textiles into UK. At that time, this political action of protectionismis comprehensible because the existence and life of the all British Nation dependedentirely on the cotton trade. It is this type of political strategy of protectionism thatHamilton and List called Mercantilism or Nationalism. The last part of the section wewill focus on the Mercantilism and/Neo-mercantilism.

II. Regional Economic Integration Schemes

This chapter focuses on three schemes of regional integration: UE, ASEAN andLatin America integration

2.1. European Integration
European Integration progress has three fundamental phases. These phases havebeen described by Jovanovic (2006: 292) as follow:-The establishment of the European Economic Community, as phase1 in theprocess, stimulated TNCs from the US to invest and later expand activities in thisregion during 1960s and 1970s.-The implementation of the Single European Market Program (phase2) and thecompletion of Japanese TNCs in the EU.-The establishment of the Euro zone in 1999 as phase3 may reinforce theattractiveness of the EU as a location for FDI. This expectation was initially supportedby a relative decline in the value of the Euro relative to the dollar in the first year of itsoperation and the start of the Lisbon Agenda Plan. This section aims to put light onthese different phases of European Economic Integration. But emphasis will be madeon the Maastricht Treaty and the European Institutions at the end of the section

2.1.1. First Phase of European Integration progress: Establishment of the European Economic Community
After the Second World War, the first move for regional integration in Europewas made in 1947 with the establishment of the Economic Commission for Europe(ECE), which was set up in Genève as a regional organization of the United Nations(UN). Its objective was to initiate and participate in concerted measures aimed atsecuring the economic restructuring of the whole of Europe. But the rivalry betweenAllies especially between US and URSS over the World power supremacy and fear ofthe Western European countries toward URSS brought up the cleavage within the ECE.The worst that made URSS and its bloc to withdraw from ECE is the implication of US within ECE through Marshall Plan. Therefore, a conference was convened and aCommittee for Europe Economic Cooperation (CEEC) was established without URSSparticipation due to its opposition to the involvement of USA. The attitude of US wasthe CEEC should not just provide the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。