nt trends of the new millennium. It is a multidimensional, multilevel phenomenon and is a too broad and ambiguous term to studies. There are a large number of studies focusing on globalization; they differ in their concentration on a particular set of consequences or in their consideration of globalization in distinct ways. Many studies emphasize its treatment as economic globalization (Panic, 2003) or as technological globalization (Schultz and Kitchen, 2000). Moreover, some of the studies look at the antecedent and concurrent political forces shaping the processes of globalization (Stromquist 2002, Daun 2002). In addition, a few of the studies focus on the socio-political impact of globalization primarily on developing countries (Mittelman, 2000). There are also an enormous number of studies that discuss the impact of globalization on education (Stromquist, 2002; Carney, 2003 and Dale& Robertson, 2002).
Although each of these studies deals with globalization from a certain point of view, most of the studies share something in common. This study presents the globalization as a multidimensional process that involves multinational organizations. There is another aspect of globalization beyond the existence of organizations that sit across national boundaries.
According to some researchers (for example, Panic, 2003 and Carney, 2003) globalization has various positive impacts. It is creating enormous opportunities for sharing social values and behavioural norms and promoting development at various levels including individuals, organizations, societies across different countries whether industrialised or developing.
Globalization has two facets, positive and negative, and it is important to consider both of these while dealing with globalization in the context of the Arab world and specifically Egypt. Turning to the impact of globalization on the Arab world, the situation is significant particularly in terms of economic development in a highly competitive global economy.
The challenges of globalization permeate and shape the higher education system so the latter can help to support, maintain and reproduce the development in other fields. The importance placed on globalization in higher education is not accidental. First, economic globalization places an emphasis on the creation of a skilled labour force and educational policy makers must be responsive to business needs through the higher educational system. In Egypt, therefore, higher education has become a core element in its economic development.
The positive perspectives, strengths and opportunities of Egyptian higher education regarding the globalization effect can be summarized as follows:
Increased societal demand for higher education.
Geographical expansion of universities and higher institutes both public and private, thus covering all of Egypt.
Large number of university graduates who contributed to development programs during the second half of the twentieth century.
Thousands of graduates joining labor forces in the Arab region especially in the Gulf area.
Continuous improvement and diversified education systems such as formal and informal education, English and French based specializations, credit hour and academic semester systems, and joint bachelors and masters degree programs with international universities.
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