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ommittee proposed that new legislation should be drafted. [5]1188委员会建议着手起草新法规。此外,在宾语从句中,“should + 动词原形”作为虚拟式在使用时还要满足以下两个条件:其一,从句动作必须发生在主句动作之后,否则不能用should +动作原形。例如:
(17) He insisted that he go abroad. [4]1773他坚持要出国。
(18) He insisted that he had gone abroad. [4]1773他坚持说他出过国。
其二,主句谓语动词的逻辑主语必须是表示人的名词或代词,只有人才具备执行、建议、坚持这些动作的能力,反之,不能用“should + 动词原形”表达虚拟。如:
(19) I wrote suggesting that he should go to Paris for the holiday. [5]1529我写信建议他去巴黎度假。
(20) His cool response suggested that he didn’t like the ideas. [5]1529
他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。
2.主语从句
动词 recommend , suggest , request , re2quire ,desire 等被动语态后的主语从句,要用虚拟
语气,动词形式用“should +动词原形”。如:
(21) It is suggested that we should tackle this prob2
lem another way. [5]1529有人建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。
(22) It is required that I should give evidence in
court. [5]1274要求我当庭提供证据。
紧跟形容词后的一些主语从句,需用虚拟语气。
常见的有:it is advisable(desirable ,essential ,fit2ting ,imperative ,important ,impossible , necessa2ry , obligatory , proper ) that …等, 从句需用“should +动词原形”。如:
(23) It is essential that you should attend all the meetings. [5]489
你务必参加所有的会议。
(24) It is imperative that we make a quick deci2sion. [5]742
我们务必要尽快做出决定。
3.表语从句
名词suggestion ,motion ,order ,proposal 等做主语时,系动词后表语从句也常用“should + 动词原形”来表达虚拟。如:(25)Our motion in the meeting is that we should re2build a computer net. [3]1539
会上我们的提议是要重新装配一套计算机网络。
(26) Given the global financial crisis , the decision
from the board was that the school remain closed till nextDecember. [5]626
考虑到全球金融危机,董事会决定学校将一直关闭到明年十二月。
4.同位语从句
在 decision , decree , demand , instruction ,order , requirement , resolution 等名词之后的
that 同位语从句中用“should + 动词原形”,表达虚拟。如:
(27) The president gave orders that the relief projects
should be carried out immediately in the earthquake -
stricken area. [3]1539总统发出指示,要求立即在地震灾区实施赈灾计划。
(28) We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. [2]1722
我们面临着取消这一税收的要求。
5.目的、让步状语从句
由for fear that ,lest ,in order that ,providedthat ,on condition that 等引起的目的、让步状语
从句需要“should +动词原形”。如:
(29) They got warmly dressed for fear that they should catch cold. [1]306
他们穿得很暖以免着凉。
(30) He repeated the instructions slowly in order that she should understand. [3]1539
他把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让她听明白。
(31)Lest anyone should think it strange , let me as2sure you that it is quite true. [5]852我向你们保证那是真事,以免有人觉得奇怪。
三、should 的语气功能
1.表达委婉语气
每个民族的语言里,都有很多礼貌客气的委婉语气(overtone of politeness) 。在英语国家里,人们在生活交际中,为了顾及谈话对象的情感、情绪或对方接受程度等问题,往往用should 表达谦逊、客气的委婉语气,这会让说话者更有涵养,让交流通畅有效。
A.表达请求时的客气说法。如:
(32) I should like to make a phone call , if possi2
ble. [5]1396劳驾,我想打个电话。
(33) We should be grateful for your help. [5]1396承您协助,不胜感激。
B.与imagine , say , think 等搭配表达不成熟的意见。如:
(34)"Is this long enough ?""I should think so." [5]1396“这个够长吗?”“我看可以了。”
(35) I should imagine it will take about three
hours. [5]1396
我想得花大约三个钟头。
2.表达惊讶、愤怒语气
A.常与某些惯用的疑问词构成疑问句和感
叹句,一般不须作答,通过反语而达到强调的目
的。如:
(36) Why should he be resigning ?[1]1306
他为什么要辞职呢?
(37) Why should you be angry with me ?[2]1722
你为什么对我生气呢?
以上两句都是表达与说话人相反的意思。第
一句Jack 辞职是个事实,但说话人认为Jack 没
有必要这么做,也就是说“Jack 没有必要辞职
嘛”。第二句用法相同,表达“你没有必要对我生
气”的意思。与此类似的句子还有许多,如How
should I know ? ( 我怎么会知道?) That he
should dare to attack me ! ( 想不到他还竟敢攻
击我!)
B.与疑问词连用表示惊讶。这一用法往往
与but 连用,表达竟然、想不到、谁料等意思。如:
(38) Who should come in but the mayo