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均为最常见句式。“宁可”式承载着丰富的文化内涵,古代文献中例证颇丰,文辞精美、句式齐整,以逗号隔开,对比鲜明。例如:1)宁为鸡口,无为牛后。(《韩策》)2)与人刃我,宁自刃。(《史记•鲁仲连邹阳列传》)3)宁我负人,毋人负我。(《三国志•魏书•武帝记》注引《杂记》)英文:“would rather”式句法严谨,文辞简略,than后成分颇多省略,以免繁复。故“宁可”句式中成语格言颇多,wouldrather式中省略变化明显。试比较:4a) He would rather go by bus than by train. (than后省略go)4b)他宁可坐汽车,也不坐火车。(逗号隔开;分句对称)5a)宁可信其有,不可信其无。(俗语;对比鲜明)5b) They would rather believe it to be true than not. (“thannot”后省略动词短语;译文简略得当;)*5c) They would rather believe it to be true than not believeit to be true.(译文不符合英文表达习惯)

 

3.1语序变化从语序变化上看,“would rather”句中的后半部分有时可以提至句首,形成两个分句,诸如由A式、B式演化而来的A’、B’句式,事实与愿望形成鲜明对比,或强调愿望,或突出已有选择上的不当。例如:6a) Rather than stay home, I would go to the theatre.(A’式:强调愿望)6b) I stayed home last night, but I’d rather have gone to thetheatre.(B’式:强调事实与愿望形成反差)“宁可”II式结构,与A’式、B’式结构貌似对应,却无法表达已有选择恰当与否,也表达不出未曾实现的愿望。它被视为与“宁可”I式语义相同的替换形式,翻译时通常选用“would rather”A式(偶尔A’式),“would rather”B式没有对应形式。试比较:7a)宁可打一辈子光棍儿,也不愿为钱而结婚。(I式)7b)与其为钱而结婚,他宁可一辈子打光棍儿。(II式:语义同上)8a) He would rather remain single all his life than marry formoney.8b) Rather than marry for money, he would remain single allhis life.( A式和A’式译文与例6)语义基本相同)9a) He married formoney, but he would rather have remainedsingle. (B’式:对“为钱而结婚”表示后悔;虚拟语气)*9b)他为钱结了婚,可他宁可自己打一辈子光棍儿。(以“宁可”表示后悔,不太符合汉语表达习惯)

 

3.2语气变化从语气表述上看,“would rather”句式的使用范围似乎更广一些。它可通过动词时态、语气及人称变化对发生或未发生之事、对自己或他人行为作出描述,或表达愿望,或表示遗憾,反映出说话人不同的主观态度。这一点也反映出英汉两种语言的不同特点。例如:10a)Iwould ratherwalk than take a taxi home. (表达主观愿望)10b)We took a taxi home, but I would rather have walked.(虚拟语气,表示事与愿违)10c)She’d rather you walked home. (虚拟语气,对他人行为表态)10d)I would much rather he had knocked me down. (虚拟语气,对他人已然行为表态)“宁可”则不然,其I、II、III式均可视为对假设意义上的行为进行选择,反映不出语气上的区别,也无法对已然或他人行为表态。
3.3语义变化“宁可”III式是现代汉语中出现的新格式。此句式与“宁可”I式、II式不同,前后分句呈现目的关系,其中,前一小句隐含否定之义,后一小句是前一小句“选取这一做法的目的”(吕叔湘,1980:372),扩大了“宁可”的使用范围。对此,“would rather”并无对应句式,A、B、C式均不呈现目的关系。表达否定含义时,“would rather”句式中通常没有对比行为出现,否定词not置于rather与动词之间,表达否定态度,隐含着“或做或不做”的对比选择。试比较:11a)”Have a drink?””No, thanks. I’d rather not.”(“想喝”与“不想喝”对比)11b)I would rather not sleep tonight. (“睡”与“不睡”之选择)12a)我宁可不睡觉,也要把今天的作业做完。(III式:前一小句隐含否定之义;前后分句呈现目的关系)12b)In order to finish today’s homework, I would rather notsleep.(用in order to短语表达“牺牲睡觉时间”的目的;语义基本相同但句式有异)12c) I would r本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。