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tough结构中的补语提升中的不足

本文分析了NP一移位假说和WH一移位假说在说明tough结构中的补语提升现象时存在的不足之处;从形式和功能方面试着比较NP一移位中的中动结构和Tough结构，根据它们所具备的共同特征，我们认为对中动句补语提升的诊释同样适用十Tough结构。事实证明，用NP一移位假说来解释Tough结构中的补语提升现象要比使用WH一移位假说来解释这个现象更加具有说服力。

Chapter 1 Introduction
    Tough  Construction  is  a  special  construction.  There  is  a  continuous discussion concentrated on the tough construction in English since 1960s. Many linguists make a variety of investigation and research on tough construction in English language under different approaches and from different perspectives, but the nature of the complement-raising in tough constructions still gives rise to much  controversy.  The  purpose  of this  thesis  is  to  study  systematically  the properties of the tough constructions, the nature of the complement-raising in tough constructions, and furthermore, the proposal of the detail derivation process of the complement-raising in English tough constructions.
1.1 Preliminaries
    It is a typical point of view that semantic properties of adjectival predicates may participate in the special syntactic construction. Tough Construction gets its name from the semantic meaning of its predicate in its construction, such as tough, difficult, easy, etc.
(1)a.
    b
The problem is hard to answer.
John is easy to please.
The door is difficult to open.  (Postal,  1971;Chomsky,  1977; Kim,1996)
    In this construction, the subject of the matrix clause is coreferential with the obviously understood (non一overt) object of the embedded infinitival clause. We can examine the two examples below to form that concept in our mind. (see the two tree diagrams below.)
(2) a. John; is tough/easy/impossible to please e;.
    b. It is tough/easy/impossible to please John.
    The prominent feature of the tough construction is to make the complement in the infinitival clause raises to the subject position in the main clause, and the verb in  the  infinite  clause  doesn't  change  into  the  passive  tense.  We  argue  that complement-raising is optional，that is，the complement of the infinitival clause can be raising to the subject position of the main clause or remained at the original position of the complement with the subject position of the main clause filled with an expletive subject-it.
Complement一raising in tough construction is examined by many scholars. And there are two groups. One supports the WH一movement hypothesis; and the other  one  supports  the  NP一movement  hypothesis.  Whether  the  derivation  of complement-raising in English tough construction is through NP一movement or WH一movement has long been controversial. The dispute mainly focuses on the exact nature of the complement一raising phenomenon in tough constructions.

References
[1]Akmajian,A.1972.Getting tough [J].Linguistic Inquiry 3:373一377.
[2]Akstsuka,N.1979.Why tough movement is impossible with  possible[R].Papers from the Regional Meetings of the Chicago Linguistic Society 15:1一8.
[3]Aniya,S.1998. The   syntax   semantics   and   pragmatics    of   the   tough construction[J].Lin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。