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sea life. The harmful effects of sewage can be reduced by sewage treatment. Malaysia Environment protection Agency requires by law some form of treatment before sewage is discharge.

IMPLICATIONS OF ILLEGAL MARITIME ACTIVITIES

5.Safety. These new threats of illegal maritime activities include various types of transnational organized crime, such as drug trafficking, proliferation of small arms, piracy, illegal migration and smuggling of humans and many more. Not only have these increased in frequency but they also have become more multi-faceted and complex in nature, more lethal in tactics, and more difficult to combat. Finally these illegal activities will jeopardise the total safety of the country.

6.Security. Militarily, Malaysia’s strategic aim is to live and operate as an independent sovereign nation within the complex world community. In order to do this Malaysia must be able to defend itself from interference and destruction through any means including armed attack. This is the bedrock of our security and the most basic responsibility of the government. But there is more that Malaysia Armed Forces can do to prevent attack on our territory than just building up the armed forces. Our armed forces need to be able to do more than simply defend our coastline. We have strategic interests within our EEZ. We have strategic interests and objective at the global and regional levels.

7.Political. Illicit cross-border flows, such as smuggling of drugs, migrants, weapons, toxic waste and dirty money, have emerged as an increasingly important source of conflict and cooperation among neighbour country. Foreign illegal fishers are frequently apprehended in Malaysian waters, in the last year notably from Vietnam, China and Thailand. The authorities have not been afraid of taking tough measures and have been criticised by neighbouring governments for firing warning shots at poachers. In terms of native fishers, there are persistent problems with cyanide fishing, blast fishing and the use of electric shocks, some of which have resulted in the death of the fishers themselves.

8.Economy. Economically, our offshore economic interests located in the South China Sea are rich in living and non-living resources that have contributed significantly to Malaysia’s economic development. The offshore economic interests refer to the two hundred nautical miles Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf surrounding it. The two areas of the EEZ economic significance are Off-shore Hydrocarbon Area off East Coast of the Peninsular and the islands off Sabah and Sarawak. The loss of or disruption to these fields will greatly affect the economic well being of the nation. The fact that part of this portion of the EEZ is within the disputed area will further complicate its security.

9.The performance of the tourism industry will be affected if maritime illegal prolonged in the Southeast Asian region especially in Malaysian waters. Marine tourism continues to contribute to government revenue, generates employment opportunities, and brings foreign shoppers to Malaysia. In more recent times, the

development of Malaysia's marine assets like coastline, islands, and coral reefs has subsequently been given priority by both the government and the private sectors in the country. Offshore islands are becoming increasingly important as tourist destinations. Activities suc