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in Chicago. This concept was proposed in a curriculum research,  but  Scriven  did  not  define  it.  In  Scriven’s  classic  paper  The  methodology  of Evaluation which was published in 1967, the educational assessment was divided into two parts:  Formative  Assessment  and  summative  assessment.  He  holds  the  opinions  that Formative  Assessment  appears  in  the  process  of  curricula  instruction  and  educational activity,  and  summative  assessment  focuses  on  the  result  of  the  activity.  Under  his influence, the following scholars did a lot of research about the idea. American  educator  Bloom(1971)  always  borrows  this  concept,  and  also  considers assessment  which  focuses  on  the  process  as  a  part  of  study.  In  his  opinion,  Formative Assessment  is  a  systematic  assessment  in  order  to  obtain  information  about  the  teaching feedback  and  improve  teaching  in  education.  It  means  that  Formative  Assessment  can make up the deficiency of summative assessment. By the means of Formative Assessment, teachers can get feedback information in time, revise teaching methodology, and promote effective learning. 
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2.2 Theoretical foundations of Formative Assessment 
This  section  provides  some  major  theoretical  foundations  of  Formative  Assessment, and Formative Assessment must be taken into account in the whole process of instruction. Teachers  should  not  only  attach  importance  to  the  results  of  study,  but  also  should  pay attention to the performance, emotion, strategies of the learning process.Constructivism was firstly proposed by Swiss psychologist Piaget in the 1960s, and it gradually  became  popular  in  the  late  20th century.  Constructivism  is  an  indispensable branch of cognitive theory. Piaget and Vygotsky are representatives of constructivism.  Piaget(1990)  wrote  many  works  in  his  life,  and  most  of  works  stressed  the construction of learning process, while traditional concept regarded the process of study as accumulation  of  knowledge  and  development  of  learning  skills.  On  the  contrary, constructivism  holds  the  ideas  that  man  has  being  constructing  his  value  from  personal experience in the process of his life. Assimilation and accommodation are two aspects that people  construct  their  knowledge(William,  Robert  &  Zhang,  2011).  Assimilation  is  the process  that  the  new  information  changes  and  revises  to  the  intrinsic  knowledge,  while accommodation  is  devoted  本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。