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ce  of  the  prototype theory (Zhang Yihua 2001, 2002a, 2015; Yao Ximing 2008).  Currently, most dictionaries arrange entries in alphabetic order. This is to make it more  convenient  for  dictionary  users  to  locate  headwords.  However,  the  task  of compiling  entries  has  been  distributed  to  a  group  of  lexicographers,  leading  to unsystematic definitions of words which belong to a category. Inevitably, definitions of these  words  are  always  confusing  to  dictionary  users.  Considering  the  fact,  many scholars point out that words should be defined within the framework of the prototype theory  (Wu  Shengkai  2008;  Wang  Min  2011;  Yao  Ximing  2008;  Zhang  Yihua 2015:238-249; Zhang Yihua 2001, 2002a). For instance, Zhang Yihua (2015:238-249) uses cognate words of absence and synonyms of express as examples to illustrate the unsystematicness  of some definitions in learner’s dictionaries,  and  further  points  out advantages of categorization-based definition: more concise, systematic, and normative. He points out that current learner’s dictionaries fail to take categories into account when dealing with definitions. Similarly, Zhang Yihua (2001, 2002a) takes dandelion (n.) and shuffle (v.) as examples to integrate the prototype theory into dictionary definitions. He holds  that  definitions  by  necessary  and  sufficient  conditions  cannot  explain  natural languages fully and accurately, while the prototype theory, one of the most frequently adopted approaches of categorization, provides a new perspective for defining members within a category.    
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CHAPTER THREE THE SEMANTIC PROSODY AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY LEARNING ..... 21 
3.1   Method for Analysis ..... 21
3.2   Corpora for Analysis .... 21 
3.3   Extraction of Semantic Prosodies .... 22 
3.4   Chinese Learners’ Use of Semantic Prosodies ..... 23
3.5   Discussions and Possible Causes ..... 27
3.6   Summary ............ 30 
CHAPTER FOUR SEMANTIC PROSODIES OF SYNONYMS AND THEIR ROLE IN DIFFERENTIATION OF SYNONYMS .... 33 
4.1   Method for Analysis ..... 33 
4.2   Extraction of Synonyms ......... 33 
4.3   Semantic Prosodies and Differentiation of Synonyms ............ 35
4.4   Summary ............ 42
CHAPTER FIVE PROBLEMS OF DEFINITIONS OF SYNONYMS IN ENGLISH-CHINESE LEARNER’S DICTIONARIES ..... 43  
5.1   Absence of Distinctive Features ...... 43 
5.2   Absence of Semantic Prosodic Features .... 45 
5.3   Summary ............ 47 

CHAPTER SIX CATEGORIZATION-BASED DEFINITIONS: A SEMANTIC PROSODIC APPROACH 

6.1 Categorization-based Definitions: Theoretical Framework 

The Prototype Theory, or the Modern Categorization Theory, was put forth by Rosch (1978)  to  explain  conceptual  categories.  It  is  originated  from  Family  Resemblance Theory promoted by Wittgenstein (1953). The prototype本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。