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m and the outside world are internal and external factors that cause the vagueness in language.
1.4.1 Psychological Factors
　　　The distance between man’ s cognition and the objective world is the fundamental cause of the vagueness of language. To be more exact, the phenomenon of vagueness occurs in the process of cognition and communication because of the distance between mind and the outside world; cognition subject and cognitive object; thought, emotion and expression; intension and expression; expression and interpretation, etc. Human brain responding to the objective world is not like a mirror. The process of reflection is dynamic and full of subjective elements. Man’ s choice of the objective and ways of observing are marked with subjectivity. The picture of the objective world consists of universal contacting and interacting elements. The objective world and man’ s physical and psychological factors are forever changing and developing, and are constantly affected by other internal and external factors. So even though human mind can “faithfully” reflect a certain phenomenon, it is for a certain moment. The systematic transformation from concepts to linguistic symbols is a complex and subtle process of rationalization, during which vague expressions are produced. In real communication, the interpretation of an utterance depends largely on context. One of the factors affecting semantic interpretation is communicator’ s psychological factor such as personal characters: extrovert or introvert, warm or cold, resolute or hesitant, optimistic or pessimistic. One’ s attitude towards life may determine his choice of vague language instead of explicit language. One more point is that extension of semantic meaning caused by psychological factors is mainly realized by means of metaphor, metonymy, euphemism and hyperbole. The reason for the adaptation of these means is that there are some thing in life that should be stated bluntly or truthfully and that there are times when it is necessary, even wise, not to “call a spider a spider” but to use some better-sounding names or expressions and to deliberately avoid mentioning directly for the purpose of disguise by using a false word or for fear of hurting other people’ s feelings or even for fear of losing face.
1.4.2 Internal Factors of Language
　　　First, language, as a means of human communication, is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols. The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary. This also means that the linguistic sign is arbitrary.
　　　Second, the vagueness of language is directly from the complexity, unity and dynamic feature of language system. There exists indeterminacy of boundaries in the classification of linguistic structure level and linguistic units.
　　　Ullmann (1962) in a section entitled “words with blurred edges” traced from Plato to Byron a recurrent feeling of the inadequacy of language to express thought, particularly because of its lack of precision. He noted also the converse feeling among poets and creative writers that such vagueness is in fact an advantage. Ullmann points out another important aspect of vagueness: if one looks more closely at his vagueness one soon discovers that the term is itself rather vague: the condition it refers to is not a uniform feature but has many aspects and many result from a variety of causes. Some of these are inherent in the very nature of language, whereas others come into play o