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摘要:每一个项目都有生命周期,过程包括概念化、计划、执行和终止,这对项目经理了解项目的情况很有帮助。学习风险管理的目的不应该是规避风险,而实际上,风险管理过程中从未告诉人们在日常生活中规避风险。学习风险管理的优势是帮助你找到风险并进行风险鉴定。
It also should be noticed that there are still some limitations in risk management process. First of all, the processes need time to wait for the analysis and money to hire some experts, so the budget of the project will increase. Secondly, the processes are overlapping and interrupting from each other, and sometimes different risks are in different processes, and it is easily to cause the delay of the whole project. The last but not the least, the risk management process is only help project managers easily to assess the risks, not a cure-all. Therefore, risk management process cannot help you make decision, and it can only help you look risks more clearly.
Project lifecycle 项目生命周期
All project has a similar process from starting to closing, the similar pattern is called the ‘lifecycle’. The lifecycle of a project is ‘a collection of generally sequential and sometimes overlapping project phases […]’ (PMBOK, 2008). As Rory Burke brought up, the lifecycle of a project is a natural framework for examining the decision which was made after understanding the potential risks. According to Chris Chapman’s book ‘Project risk management: processes, techniques, and insights’, the lifecycle of a project is often divided into four phases, ‘conceptualization, planning, execution and termination’. (C. Chapman, 2003). According to Chris Chapman, the four phases are broken down into eight stages. The first phase is also the ‘conceive stage’; and the second phase is divided into three stages which are ‘design stage’, ‘plan stage’ and ‘allocate stage’; the ‘execute stage’ is represented the third phase; the fourth phase is developed to ‘deliver stage’, ‘review stage’ and ‘ support stage’.
The first phase is conceptualization, which is also called ‘concept and initiation phase’ (Rory Burke, 1999). This phase starts with some initial conceptions of running a project, including the estimated scope, possible human resource, and the marketing opportunities. The title and the targets are defined, meanwhile, only the project manager or few core members will be allocated in this phase. Because of the fact that projects in this stage have bigger malleability, it can also be thought as an innovation process.