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nep s handwriting is in some ways as much an expression of his personality as hisvoice , and in correspondence between f riends a great deal of the writer is missing if he uses a typewriter. (6) Therefore ,the typewriter is often avoided in let ters which express f riendly and personal sentiments.这一语篇文字共有 6 句 ,分为 2 个语段:句(1)至句(3)为第一语段 ,句(4)至句(6)为第二语段。两个语段分别表达了正反两层意思:第一语段表达正面的意思 ,说明为什么现在大多数人信件往来愿意打字而不愿意手写;第二语段表达相反的意思。上下两个语段通过on the other hand 连接起来 ,从而形成语段之间的转折关系 ,构成转折型语义关系语篇。(1)Jack London had a very hard and difficult life. II (2) He was born in San Francisco on January 12 , 1867. (3) Hegrew up as a street urchin , and lived on the f ringes of society until he was seventeen. II (4) In 1893 he became a sailor.(5) For the next four years he fought and worked his way around the world. (6) He learned the law of the survival of thestrong and the death of the weak. (7) He bummed his way across the United States , often begging his food f rom door todoor. II (8) When he was twenty - one he decided to try and get an education , but after a few months he left school andwent off to take part in the Klondyke G old Rush in 1897. (9) He hiked over the famous Chilkoot Pass in North westernCanada , got the scurvy , and came back empty - handed. II (10) Two years later he sold his first story to the OverlandMonthly in 1899. (11) From that time on he made his living by publishers , and he was sometimes without money.这一语篇内容是关于美国作家杰克• 伦敦成名之前的艰难经历 ,共有 5 个语段:第一语段为主题语段(句1) ;第二(句 2 至句 3) 、三(句 4 至句 7) 、四(句 8 至句 9) 、五(句 10 至 11)语段之间用了表示时间顺序的逻辑连接词(on January 12 ,1867 , in 1893 , when he was twenty - one , two years later) ,因而语段之间是一种时间顺序关系 ,构成时间顺序型语义关系语篇。逻辑连接词在阅读理解过程中起重要作用 — — — 通过逻辑连接词 ,读者可以了解句内或句子之间的语义关系 ,可以据前句语义从逻辑上预见后续句的语义。没有它们 ,句子、语段、语篇难以清楚地表达语义;没有它们 ,读者对句子、语段、语篇语义的理解将产生困难。确切地了解逻辑连接词及其所表达的语义关系 ,能增强人们的思维能力和阅读理解能力。但是 ,作为以汉语为母语的读者要了解熟悉并能正确理解它们 ,不是一件容易的事。读者只有在大量的阅读实践中 ,才能掌握它们并形成阅读技能。
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