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根据雷克利夫（1981:14），“城市规划是指艺术与科学有序的使土地有效使用，以及使建筑物和通信线路以保证最大程度的方便经济，实用，与美观。According to Ratcliffe （1981:14），“Town planning refers to the art and science of ordering the use of land and sitting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience, and beauty. Put another way, however, it is concerned with providing the right site, at the right time, in the right place, for the right people. ” High quality buildings and spaces are based on good planning.https://www.51lunwen.org/sampleenglishpaper/ In order to do well at planning, planners should focus on analysing issues and planning reflections. Many of the earlier studies showed that transport, health, sustainability development and economies were altered with the changes in housing rapidly. Housing is a key policy theme for researching local economies. In addition, housing is an interrelated factor to architectural design and pattern change. Therefore, the problems of housing are concerned. It is the purpose of this assignment to give a general introduction to the character of housing in the British and Dutch planning systems. It will show how housing has influenced on architectural design and the pattern development in the UK and Dutch. The assignment presents a discussion on some features of British and Dutch housing planning. An awareness of the differences between Dutch and British planning approaches in general and with respect to the study of housing.

Housing in the UK
“20th century city planning, as an intellectual and professional movement, essentially represents a reaction to the evils of the 19th century city.” (Hall: 2002) The nineteenth century experienced a big revolution in industrial, and witnessed the worst aspect on UK’s urbanization. As the consequence of the industrial revolution, a dramatic growth came into existence on both population and towns. “Therefore, Britain had the first predominantly urban population in the world and this fundamental change in how society were structured and functioned also happened very rapidly.” (Gunn, 2010:7 lecture handout of week1) Although there were major changes in production practices such as engineering advances, new energy sources, greater mechanization, changes in transport infrastructure. The increase of population still led the issues such as poor living conditions, dangerous working conditions and bad health situation. There were often poor buildings with relatively little investment, particularly with regard in housing. The shared houses for the working classes’ were often poor and small. In the city of Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool, the most common housing style was the back-to-back houses such as Tyneside flats, tenements, courts, tunnel-backs and cluster houses which contained no doors or windows. For example, “there were 86,000 of the working classes living in the courts close to the underground cellars, in addition, 38,000 and upwards of the working man living in underground cellars in Liverpool in 1840. “(Rubinstein, 1974:112) Thus, planning well in housing can enable British to solve out a series of problems such as housing spaces housing facilities and living environment.
The industrial revolution created a chance to change the design of buildings. For example, the self-contained house which enclosed courts, alleys and public space and facilities were supplied to a majority of working-class people. In the meantime, the shared facilities were turn to本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。