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estern countries, the thesis directly collects the address forms from the original version of the Chinese classical work with the corresponding English translation to facilitate the understanding of the meaning. The address forms in Romance of the Three Kingdoms uttered by the same person to address an identical person are collected as one example. These selected address forms will be classified into three categories according to the different underlying metonymic mechanisms of the producing process and each category consists of several sub-categories with specific analysis.
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Chapter Two Literature Review

Address forms, which are used to indicate the relationship and social status of a person in our communication, are essential to our daily life. The study of the address forms has always been one of an principal issue that interest many researchers .This chapter is going to have a critical review of the literature of address forms. The review falls into five sections and a summary which provides a general picture of the previous studies of address forms from different perspectives.

2.1 Definitions of Address Forms
Oyetade holds that “address forms are words or expressions used to designate the person being talked to while talk is in progress” (1995, pp. 515-535). According to Braun (1988), the term address denotes the addresser’s linguistic reference to his/her addressee. In most languages address forms are focused on two words classes: pronouns and nouns (Braun, 1988, p. 7). In accordance with his terminology (1988), the pronouns of address are pronouns referring to the persons being addressed. In general, these are second person pronouns “You”. Nouns of address refer to substantives and adjectives which designate addressees or refer to them in other ways. This class comprises the most diverse types. One of the commonest types is a person’s name, which belongs to the nominal repertory of address in the vast majority of languages. The second frequent kind is terms of kinship, which refers to terms for blood relations. There are some other nominal variants such as general forms which are not regarded as particular titles but are in common use (e.g. Mr, Mrs), titles which refer to one’s bestowed title (e.g. doctor, major), or designate an addressee’s profession or function (e.g. teacher, waiter), and words for certain type of relationship (e.g. friend, neighbor).
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2.2 Literature Review
The study of the address forms has had a long and significant history in both China and western countries．Early in the Warring States times, there were several works studying the address forms such as the book named Er Ya. Afterwards, there were also many works particularly focused on the study of address forms such as Shi Ming, Cheng Wei, Cheng Wei Lu, etc. In western countries, the study of the address forms also has been an active academic focus. The following reviews cover the influential studies carried out in modern times and provide a brief overlook of