对美剧《纸牌》中人际语法隐喻的功能分析 [2]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2017-03-31编辑:lgg点击率:5589
论文字数:38547论文编号:org201703311808125869语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:英语论文范文情态隐喻美剧《纸牌屋》
摘要:本是英语论文范文,本文的分析过程主要采用了定性和定量的方法。首先作者针对《纸牌屋》中出现的语气隐喻和情态隐喻,定量统计了他们出现的次数和频率,从而验证了人际语法隐喻在美剧《纸牌屋》中是存在的。
erpersonal GMs in the conversations of American TV series House of Cards? 3) What do interpersonal GMs in the TV series House of Cards reflect about American ideology?
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Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 Studies on Metaphor
The term metaphor comes from the ancient Greek word “metapherein”, and it includes two parts, namely, “meta-” and “-pherein”, with the former meaning “over” and the latter meaning “to carry or to transfer”. As early as more than two thousand years ago, metaphor is firstly put forward in the great philosopher Aristotle’s books Poetics and Rhetoric: “Metaphor is the application of an alien name by transference either from genus to species or from species to genus or from species to species, or by analogy, that is, proportion”. (Aristotle cited from Cameron & Low, 2001:71) Aristotle’s definition of metaphor has great influence on the later researchers. For them, metaphor is looked as a kind of decoration on the basis of ordinary language, as a rhetorical device making language use colorful. This view, known as the classical view, highlights the aesthetic function of metaphors, influencing the study of metaphor in many fields for a very long time. It sees metaphor as something outside normal language, and expressions that depart from literal meaning. In one century A.D., the Roman rhetorician and educator Quintillian, introduced the theory of substitution, furthering Aristotle’s viewpoints and theories of metaphor. He treated metaphor asthe artistic alteration of a word or phrase from its proper meaning to another. During the next two thousand years, the function of metaphor is generally regarded as merely a rhetorical instrument to modify words.
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2.2 Previous Studies on GMs
The above studies on metaphor render a service to understand this common language phenomenon; however, all these studies are within the level of lexical. M.A.K. Halliday initially engages himself in studyingmetaphor systematicallywithin the level of grammar level, whichmeans the conscious study of GM has arrived at the threshold. In 1985, he firstlyinterprets GMs in his book An Introduction to Functional Grammar, in which GM is discussed with detailed interpretation and explanation in the whole Chapter Ten. He points out, “GM is variation essentially in the grammatical forms although often entailing some lexical variation” (Halliday, 1985:325), and he also claims that “lexical selection is just one aspect of lexico-grammatical selection, or wording, that many studies on metaphors can be located in lexical expressions, but even so there is often grammatica
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