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Abstract　Long and complicated sentences in scientific English writing cause many difficulties to translators.Through analyzing some examples by using proper methods in translation, this article enunciate that translatorsare able to simplify the difficult sentences according to the differences of sentences, and then translate them intoChinese effectively and accurately.

Key Words　scientific English　translation　method　analysis

科技英语是用来陈述自然界、科技界所发生或出现的事情,描述其规律、特点、过程等的语言,其表达客观准确、逻辑性强、结构严谨。为了更好地记录自然界的现象和科技界的动态,用来记录的句子往往偏长、结构复杂。这些长而难的句子,给读者和译者带来不少麻烦。长句之所以难翻译,主要是其中包含多个从句或短语,使句子结构十分复杂、难以理顺造成的。因此,科技英语译者必须首先分析和弄清从句的语法结构,从句与主句、短语与主句等之间的语法关系和逻辑关系,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析各层意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点和表达方式,采取相应的手段准确地译成汉语。

1　结构分析法科技英语长句中语言结构层次多,并列成分多,修饰语多,因此,翻译前必须对句子作细致分析。一般说来,要首先找出句子的主干或核心句:主谓结构或主谓宾结构;然后分析从句的具体语法作用以便透彻理解,准确翻译。

例1 Contrary to the computer engineers’initial predictions that if the dictionaries werelarge enough and the lexicography good enough,then the programs would be able to do qualitytranslation, the natural language we speak andwrite,with all their exceptions and ambiguities,their subtleties and idiosyncrasies, are far morecomplex than this statement suggests,and haveproved to be beyond the capabilities of computertechnology.分析:通读整句后,可找出核心句:the nat-ural languages...and have proved to be beyondthe capabilities of computer technology,其中的定语从句we speak and write和介词with alltheir exceptions and ambiguities都是修饰主语;表语中还有一比较状语从句。其他部分可分析如下:主句前有一形容词短语,由contrary to引导,这一短语中that引导的同位语进一步说明initial predictions ,且这一同位语是由if引导的主从复合句构成。在此基础上进行翻译,信息的准确性便可以得到保证。译为:计算机工程师的最初预言是词典词条足够多,又编得很好,那么这种程序就可产生优秀译文,而与此相反的是,除其中的各种例外、含糊不清的地方、微妙之处和各种特点外,我们用的自然语言远比上面的说法复杂,因而远非计算机技术所能解决。

例2 We assumed that there were forces ofattraction between molecules which varied rapid-ly with the distance so that the attraction be-tween molecules that were more than a few tenmillionths of a millimeter apart was very smallbut became considerable when the molecules ap-proached more closely.分析:句子的框架是We assumed that therewere forces of attraction...that引导宾语从句。此宾语从句内含一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction;so that the at-traction between molecules...是so that结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中,除主干结构the attraction...was very small but becameconsiderable...,又有that were more than a fewten millionths of a millimeter apart作定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules ap-proached more closely做状语从句,修饰...butbecame considerable。Considerable译为“相当大(或多的)”。译为:我们曾经假定,分子之间存在着引力,这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化,因而,在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的,但是分子靠得很近时,这种引力会变得相当大。

2　顺序法有些科技英语长句叙述的是一连串动作,或按时间顺序安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式相似,翻译时可按原文顺序译出。

例1 But it is realized that supplies of someof them are limited,and it is even possible to givea reasonable estimate of their“expectation oflife”,the time it will take to exhaust all knownsources and reserves of these material.分析:该句的骨干结构为“It is realizedthat...”,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to...结构,其中,不定式作主语,the time...是“expectation of life”的同位语,进一步解释其含义,而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构,表达四个层次的意义:A.可是现在人们意识到;B.其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的;C.人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质“渴望存在多少年”;D.这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。翻译时可依据顺序,把第四层含义的表达作适当的调整。译为:可是现在人们意识到,其中有些矿物的蕴藏量是有限的,人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物“渴望存在多少年”,也就是说,经过若干年后,这些矿源的全部已知储量将消耗殆尽。

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