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>Hofstede’s main research on national culture is principally described inCulture’s consequences (1980a, 1984). On a few occasions he has added tohis model, but he has never acknowledged any significant errors or weaknesses
in that research. Indeed many of his subsequent publications arerobust, at times aggressive, defences of his 1980 methods and findings. Asmost readers will already be familiar with Hofstede’s national cultureresearch, only a very brief outline is given here. Where necessary, greater
detail is provided in the critique of his research methodology.Hofstede’s primary data were extracted from a pre-existing bank ofemployee attitude surveys undertaken around 1967 and 1973 within IBMsubsidiaries in 66 countries. In retrospect, some of the survey questions9 0 Human Relations 55(1)

 

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