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论文作者:英语论文网论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-07-28编辑:yangcheng点击率:15478
论文字数:5655论文编号:org201407281106111670语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:拒接言语行为gender differences性别差异refusal strategies
摘要:本文以西方经典电影傲慢与偏见为例,基于Austin和Searle的言语行为理论﹑Brown & Levinson的“面子理论”以及Leech的“礼貌原则”的理论,通过对其若干典型的对话片段的研究,从性别差异的角度对两性在实施拒绝言语行为时的策略选择进行了研究,旨在发现他们之间的异同以及出现差异的原因。
3.3 Data analysis
From the data above, we can find that both verbal and non-verbal strategies are frequently used by female and male in the refusal speech acts. It is found that the number of indirect refusal strategies used by the female is more than those used by the male, and men use more direct verbal strategies and non-verbal strategies, such as silence or hesitation,facial expression and physical departure, while women tend to use more indirect verbal strategies to reduce the harm to addresser’s face.
Chapter 4 Reasons for Gender Differences in Refusal Stragegeies
4.1 Social-phychological Reason
Holmes (1992) mentioned that social factors affect people’s choice of politeness strategies. It is true with the choice of refusal strategies.
As is claimed by Parker (1950) and Blau (1977), social status determines social distance and ways of social interaction. Social status are closely related to social role. People who own more social resources are commonly labeled as the upper class while the opposite as the lower class.
Traditionally, women’s social position was less lower than that of men, as stated by Trudgill (1983). Therefore, it may be more necessary for women to secure and show their social status linguistically and in other ways, women may be more aware of the importance of using communication strategy. Women have been playing the subordinate roles in society while men are in dominant role. In this way, women are somehow psychological to get well along with other and to be mutually supportive and non-competitive. On the other hand, men are innately independent and vertical.
This finding connects with our research results: males use more direct refusal speech acts and ignore Politeness Principle more frequently while females tend to obey these communicative principles to show their politeness and friendly. In the sample movies, it seems that women have adopted larger various refusal strategies to protect faces of both sides. So their social position and social distance have great influence on their refusal speech acts.
Sexism is another important social factor that influences gender differences in their choice of refusal strategies. Women’s behaviors are supposed to be more conventional and obedient in the society, which is clearly shown in their ways of speaking.
However, both women and men are also flexible in their ways of speaking according to dlfferent conversational situations. For example, the polite giri Elizabeth once refuses Lady Catherine’s request " will you promise never to enter into such an engagement" directly by saying " I will not and I certainly never shall." Here,Elizabethrefuses her directly and absolutely ignoring the Politeness Principle, and at the same time does harm to the Lady Catherine’s face.
4.2 Cultural Reason
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