澳大利亚经济学作业essay [5]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-09-01编辑:yangcheng点击率:9966
论文字数:4566论文编号:org201408282214353677语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:Economics Essay阿根廷外贸阿根廷近代史经济类作业
摘要:本文是一篇留学生的经济类作业,主要写的是阿根廷外贸的近代史,阿根廷的人均GDP位于拉美第五而且购买力水平也极高,是十分具有发展潜力的国家,有十分巨大的投资潜力。
Argentina restricts entry points for several classes of goods, Since the first measure regarding the limitation of ports of entry was formally announced in 2005, several provincial and national legislative authorities have requested the elimination or modification of the specialized customs scheme.
Customs Procedures
In August 2009, AFIP revised certificate of origin requirements for a list of products with non-preferential origin treatment through External Note 4. To receive the most favored nation tariff rate, the certificate of origin must be certified by an Argentine consulate. Simplified customs clearance procedures on express delivery shipments are only available for shipments valued at $1000 or less. These regulations increase the cost not only for the courier, but also for users of courier services. The U.S. Government has raised these policies with the Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services, the Directorate of Customs, and the National Administration of Civil Aviation.
EXPORT POLICIES
The Argentine government imposes export taxes on all but a few exports, including significant export taxes on key hydrocarbon and agricultural commodities. Total export tax revenue in 2011 was equal to 15.6 percent of the value of all Argentine exports, including goods not subject to export taxes. The following major agricultural commodities are currently subject to export taxes: soybeans at 35 percent; soybean oil and soybean meal at 32 percent; sunflower meal and sunflower oil at 30 percent; wheat at 23 percent; and corn at 20 percent. The difference in tax rates between raw and processed products appears to create large incentives to process those commodities locally, particularly for soybeans, which are turned in to oil and in turn provide the feedstock for Argentina’s rapidly growing biodiesel industry.
Export Registrations
the government of Argentina requires major commodities to be registered for export before they can be shipped out of the country Until 2011, the National Organization of Control of Agricultural Commercialization (ONCCA) administered the Registry of Export Operations for meat, grain (including vegetable oils), and dairy products under the provisions of Resolution 3433/2008. After ONCCA was dismantled in early 2011, administration of the Registry of Export Operations was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, but reportedly there have been no major changes to procedures for registering exports. Argentina continues to impose time restrictions on grain and oilseed exports depending on when the export tax is paid. Under applicable regulations, export permits are valid for 45 days after registration is approved.
GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT
Law 25551 of 2011 establishes a national preference for local industry for most government procurement. In March 2011, the Argentine Senate approved an amendment to Law 25551 extending the entities subject to the “Buy Argentine” regime to include: (a) offices within the Argentine public sector (centralized and decentralized public administration); (b) social security institutions; (c) state-owned companies; (d) private legal entities engaged in public works and licensees and concessionaires of public utilities and other services (fixed and mobile communications, freight transportation, mining, oil and gas, etc.); (e) provincial public entities;
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