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航运服务需求的决定因素

第一章

上帝一定是船主。他把原料放在远离他们需要的地方，他把地球三分之二的地方覆盖上水资源 - 二苓奈斯

1.0简介 - 航运在世界经济中的重要性

船舶可以被定义为货物和乘客的身体运动，从供给端运往需求端。它还包括支持和促进这样的运动所需的所有其他相关活动。海上货物流动是许多国家的经济命脉。这是因为地球表面约四分之三的地方被水覆盖，因此航运股在世界贸易中有着重要作用。许多通过海上运输的商品通常是因为原料很重，致密且经济价值低，如煤和铁矿石等。通过船舶长距离运输这些货物成本低，经济实惠。海洋运输成本相较于其他交通工具比较便宜，而且也有没有船的替代品。另一方面，在成品/制成品方面货主也采取远洋运输这种价格相对低廉的方式。

The Determinants of the Demand for Shipping Services

Chapter 1

God must have been a ship owner. He placed the raw materials far from where they were needed and covered two thirds of the earth with water – Erling Naess

1.0 Introduction – The importance of shipping in the world economy

Shipping can be defined as the physical movement of goods and passengers to the ports of demand from the ports of supply. It also involves all other related activities required to support and facilitate such movement. The movement of goods by sea is the economic lifeblood of many nations. This is because roughly three-fourth of the earth’s surface is covered with water, thus shipping plays an important role in world trade. Many of the commodities that are transported by sea are usually raw materials which are heavy, dense and have low economic value such as the likes of coal and iron ore. Transporting these goods over vast distances by ships is cheap and economical. Ocean transport costs are relatively cheaper in comparison to other means of transport and there are also no substitutes to shipping. On the other hand shippers of finished/manufactured goods also take advantage of the comparatively inexpensive rates charged for ocean transport. Ships also have a lot of cargo space and are therefore reasonably free of capacity constraints. Moreover ships have acceptable transit times. Because of all this 90% of all trade is done by sea, the operation of cargo ships brings an annual income of about USD 380 billion in freight. This amount is about 5% of the total world economy. The prospects for the industry’s continued growth looks to be strong on account of globalization and on account of the fact that seaborne transport is becoming more efficient. Moreover marine casualties have progressively decreased over the last many years and in comparison to land transportation it is also more environmentally friendly and less polluting. “In his book The Economic History of World Population, Carlo Cippola suggests that the transport industry has been one of the prime forces responsible for shifting the world from an essentially national system to the global economy that exists today” (Stopford, 2003). Shipping has made the world a smaller place and it has succeeded in connecting even isolated economies. On account of all of these above reasons, demand for sea transportation is increasing continuously at an exponential rate. Since 1950 the economic evolution of the shipping industry has been immense. Maritime transportation since 1990 has been experiencing new heights which lasted in the first years of the new millennium. However the economic crisis in 2008 brought a downturn in shipping sector resulting in a decrease in freight rates and a fall in demand for shipping services. In this paper Group 5C wants to point out and analyze the theory of the determinants on which the demand for shipping depends on.

C:\Users\ka\Desktop\World_trade_map[1].jpgThe boom in shipping trade (Source: The S本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。