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燃料种类

燃料是一种通过在空气中燃烧产生热量的应用材料。人这种生物已经发现了通过使用燃料来创造热量和能量。他因此改进了他获取食物的手段，使他在几乎全球的所有领域上，能更好的适应着生活和富足。如果燃料供应不足或者耗尽，现代文明就不可能存在。

燃料可以划分为不同的类型，即固体燃料煤和木材构成，液体燃料和气体燃料的石油由高炉煤气，发生炉煤气组成，焦炉煤气，石油气，天然气和液化石油气。

石油在19世纪中期，随着石油产品如煤油灯的不断增加的使用，开始变得重要起来。行业的快速反应以及随着汽车的引进和内燃机，汽油--另一个室友的产品，变得具有首要的重要性。石油输出国组织（OPEC），一个跨国组织已经建立，协调其成员国的石油政策，提供给会员国技术和经济援助。起止到2011年，OPEC已经有了12个成员国国家，包括创始成员国，伊朗，伊拉克，科威特和委内瑞拉。

The Various Categories Of Fuel

Fuel is a term applied to materials used to produce heat by combustion in air. Man alone among living creatures has discovered ways of creating heat and power by the use of fuel. He has thereby improved his means of procuring food, has adapted himself to live and flourish on almost the entire area of the globe. Modern civilization could not exist if fuel supplies failed or become exhausted.

Fuel can be classified into various categories namely solid fuel composing of coal and wood, liquid fuel composing of petroleum and gaseous fuel which consists of blast furnace gas, producer gas, coke-oven gas, oil gas, natural gas and liquiefied petroleum.

Petroleum became important during the mid -1800s with the increased use of petroleum products such as kerosene for light. The industry responded rapidly and with the introduction of automobile and the internal combustion engine, gasoline – another product of petroleum became of primary importance. Petroleum Exporting Countries Organisation (OPEC), a multinational organization has been established to co-ordinate the petroleum policies of its member and to provide the member states with technical and economic aid. As of 2011, OPEC had 12 member countries, including founder members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and Venezuela. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon that occurs in the earth in liquid, gaseous or solid form.

Petroleum products’ demand has changed drastically in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Each and every second, prices for oil change as they are very volatile.

Price is a determinant ensuring that supply meet demand. If supply is less than demand, price will increase till new supplies enter the market, or if demand is reduced in order to achieve equilibrium. In case supply is more than demand, price will fall until the market is in balance.

The refinery gate is where the price of petroleum products are measured, according to a refiner’s point of view. Price at which a refiner sell product at loading rack is called a rack price. Refinery viability which comes from the refining process is determined by rack prices.

Product has the ability to move to markets where highest price is found, this is the reason of similarity in most of the petroleum products from market to market. For example: refiners in Buffalo would chose to ship their petroleum product to Toronto and sell at an increased price, as far as the cost of transportation was less than the price difference, if the rack price for their product was less compared to the price in Toronto. The same would apply to Buffalo if the price was higher in Toronto. The cost of transportation n between two markets can generally be attributed by the difference in wholesale prices in those two markets.

Canadian refiners must price their product in such a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。