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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-10-13编辑:yangcheng点击率:8052
论文字数:3777论文编号:org201410122339073965语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
摘要:相关文献的分析表明,基于经济指标的卡特尔检测方法可以分为自上而下和自下而上的人之间。以自顶向下的方法筛选几个部门确定容易勾结的行业。
Using economic analysis and empirical evidence to detect highly cartelized sectors
On the basis of the analysis of structural and behavioural indicators, and by reviewing the empirical works on the subject, it could have been interesting to make an attempt to identify specific sectors which are most likely to lead to collusive behaviour. A similar analysis was performed by Levenstein & Suslow (2006) who studied cartel activity through a sample of international cartels spanning from the 1800s through the 1990s. Their conclusion was that it is difficult to generalize about cartel activities and that “only the oldest of suppositions, that highly concentrated industries are more prone to cartelization, seems to hold true across studies” [1] .
Nonetheless, a recent study committed by the OFT to Nera consulting [2] presented an interesting classification of horizontal price-fixing cases by industry (using the Standard Industrial Classification -SIC- three-digit level). Specifically, the study reviewed all EC price-fixing cases occurred from 1990 to 2006, and the cases from the US Department of Justice between 1994 and 2006. As regards the EC cases (70 found in the relevant period), while some industries had only one cartel recorded (i.e. uncovered), several industries had more than two, and noteworthy were the sectors of shipping and basic chemicals, where respectively ten and eleven cartels were found. More interestingly, the EU and US datasets appeared to be strongly positively correlated. While this may be an indication that authorities are being somewhat successful in their actions and possibly influencing each other investigations, this might also suggest that there are common factors at an industry level that leads to cartel formation. Most interestingly, most of the cases analyzed show that sectors/industries where collusive practice is more common are markets:
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