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Moreover, most of the peoples in Post-Communist CEE do not have capitalist ideals embedded in their culture. Central-East Europeans were forced to accept an ideology which had no roots in their old ethos, without even having the chance to learn how the ideology works.

Learning was and still is a central issue in the philosophy of transition. Individuals who have lived according to the old rules for all of their lives can not gain a new identity overnight. It takes time and effort to accommodate to a wholly new way of life.

In New Institutional Economic [2] theory terms, this imposed integration created a conflict between the embedded informal institutions and the imported capitalist formal ones. According to Pejovich [3] , “The imposition of new formal rules that were not in harmony with the prevailing informal institutions in Eastern Europe has provided incentives for rent-seeking coalitions to be formed, and those coalitions have played a major role in subverting the transition from socialism to capitalism.”

In the light of this conflict, the former leaders sought to maintain their positions in order to attain individual objectives through the structures of the state, thus neglecting social objectives. The role of the governments in introducing their citizens to the capitalist rules of the game has not been performed in many of the states.

Capitalist formal institutions were in place, at least de jure, however misinformed citizens could not benefit from the advantages of such institutions. ‘Effective institutions raise the benefits of cooperative solution or the costs of defection’. [4] However, when only a limited number of individuals have access to such institutions, only these individuals benefit. The consequence of such use of formal institutions is the inability to properly develop them.

Economizing over a large base of agents is crucial for institutions to develop and sustain. Transition economies represent a special case in terms of institutional building. Policy has been focused mainly on macroeconomic stability, thus ignoring other policies and policy formation in general.

These economies operated, and some still operate on carbon-copy systems which are only marginally if at all adapted to the context of social needs. Major public discontent with the way the system works has caused hostility towards the whole idea of capitalism. After more than a decade of transition, some of the countries took an important step in their history of European integration.

Eight former Soviet block countries have joined the European Union. They were followed by another two (Romania and Bulgaria) t本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。