摘要:互联网提供了极其巨大的数量由任何传统媒体无可比拟的信息的人。此外,它是世界上跑的最快的。然而,个体的信息咨询,但奇迹的一部分。当用户是用来获取新闻和信息在互联网上搜索,他们接触到比以往更多的跨文化互动。这已成为跨文化交际的新维度。
tion.
(Samovar, 1981)
All the eight ingredients function together to accomplish an effective and interactive communication behavior. Traditional mass-communication follows the mode regularly. The source could be television or radio stations and newspaper s publishers. Encoding for them is a complicated task and process, because they have to decide what news or program materials are to be edited, how to edit the selected ones according to their specialties, how to release news and programs to achieve the desired effect. Their messages are sent out when programs are put on the TV/radio for audience or newspapers are bought by readers. Wireless radio, cable TV set or newspapers are the channels. Receivers (audience and readers) will comprehend news and programs through their internal decoding, and give responses of agreement or disagreement to the transmitted messages. If any response reaches back to the source (TV/radio station and newspaper publisher), it becomes a feedback for the source to evaluate their messages. That's the way traditional media works.
When the Internet was accepted as a new medium for mass-communication, the eight-ingredient mode needs a close re-examination to tell whether they are operating the same way in virtual world.
Varied source: For traditional media, the information manufacturers are professional journalists, directors and editors. On the Internet, however, each citizen can be message producer.
Unconventional encoding, decoding and messages: Information presented by traditional media is usually required to meet certain standards; therefore, the encoding of information is conventionalized to some extension. But information encoding in virtual world can be varied as much as possible, since personal expressions occupy large proportion of information. Obviously, unconventional encoding may lead to unconventional decoding. On the other hand, encoding and decoding allow personal freedom as much as possible. Furthermore, messages on the Internet may appear simultaneously in audio, visual or textual forms rather than a single one. This makes virtual messages unconventional, too.
Omnipotent channel:It is impossible for conventional media to take over all the transmitted messages on the Internet, for the operation of conventional media is subject to many technical and social conditions. In this sense, the Internet is an omnipotent channel compared to traditional media.
Receiver’s freedom of choice: A receiver in virtual world is never the same one as in traditional media. Receiver in traditional media usually accepts information in a passive hardly having chances to interact instantaneously with the source. But a receiver in networks can select information on his/her own wish or even become information source simultaneously by posting and copying.
Direct response and feedback: It is not convenient for traditional media to get receivers' response, unless source spends particular effort collecting feedback. In virtual world, however, the relationship is parallel. Both source and receiver are free to post their ideas on websites or send e-mails to each other.
3. Key features of communication on the internet
3.1 Breaking down the constraints of time and space
Television, radio, and telephone networks have extended globally for much of the twentieth century, but they are limited by time
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