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As a new assessment type,DA is much favored by scholars at home and abroad.The following section will review the definitions and two models of DA,previousstudies of DA at home and abroad,and summarize the previous research.

2.1.1 Definitions of Dynamic Assessment

In recent decades,a new intelligence assessment method--DA,has emerged inWestern countries.This concept was first proposed by Vygotsky’s colleague Luria in1961.In the late 1970s,DA was popularized by Israeli researcher Feuerstein,aspecialist in special education.A decade later,the term has become more widely usedand is now used by many researchers.Here are some standard definitions of DA.

Feuerstein(1979)defined DA literally and believed that static and dynamicassessment were opposing concepts.From the perspective of psychology,DA isregarded as a novel psychometric technique,and from the standpoint of pedagogy,itis a dynamic and interactive assessment method.

As stated by Sternberg(2002),DA is a process-oriented approach that integratesthe learning and assessment processes,evaluating individuals’prior knowledge andskills as well as their potential to develop,apply,and transfer existing knowledge inthe context of dynamic assessment.DA tests the process and the outcome of studentlearning so that the assessor will gather more prosperous and valuable informationthan traditional static assessment.

2.2 Previous Studies on Writing Self-efficacy

In this part,the definition of writing self-efficacy and the previous studies ofwriting self-efficacy at home and abroad are classified and some conclusions on thesestudies are made.

2.2.1 Definitions of writing self-efficacy

Bandura(1977)introduced the concept of self-efficacy.He argued thatself-efficacy refers to people’s judgment of their abilities(Bandura,1986).Since then,self-efficacy has become an essential area of research in social psychology.Theconcept of self-efficacy has also been defined by scholars in China.Zhou and Dong(1994)defined self-efficacy as a person’s value judgment on whether they can successfully complete a specific task with the skills they currently possess.Zhou andGuo(2006)argued that self-efficacy refers to a person’s confidence to use his existingskills to complete a task.Although the concept of self-efficacy is defined differentlyby domestic and foreign scholars,its core content is the domain of self-awareness.Inshort,self-efficacy is the level of confidence that an individual has in their ability toperform a specific task or behavior.

Chapter Three Theoretical Foundations ............................. 25

3.1 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory ......................... 25

3.2 Feuerstein's Structural Cognitive Modifiability Theory .................. 28

Chapter Four Research Methodology ......................... 31

4.1 Research Questions ............................... 31

4.2 Research Subjects .................................... 31

Chapter Five Results and Discussion ........................ 47

5.1 Results ...................... 47

5.1.1 Results of questionnaires ................... 47

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