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s ramifications.

The agreement in Kampala establishes an historic precedent. In the future, those who initiate aggressive wars may find that they find themselves going right from the throne to the slammer [?] .

The sad news is that a further review takes place in 2017. In the meantime what preventative measures are in place to prevent despots from causing acts of aggression?

Article 123

Review of the Statute

1. Seven years after the entry into force of this Statute the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall convene a Review Conference to consider any amendments to this Statute. Such review may include, but is not limited to, the list of crimes contained in article 5. The Conference shall be open to those participating in the Assembly of States Parties and on the same conditions.

2. At any time thereafter, at the request of a State Party and for the purposes set out in paragraph 1, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall, upon approval by a majority of States Parties, convene a Review Conference.

3. The provisions of article 121, paragraphs 3 to 7, shall apply to the adoption and entry into force of any amendment to the Statute considered at a Review Conference.

In the meantime, waiting - is a long time for justice to become a reality. It’s akin to waiting for the inevitable to happen, in light of crimes of aggression continuously ongoing e.g. Lybia, Egypt and Bahrain.

From 2003 to 2009, the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression, [C] CC created by the Assembly, struggled with the question of how to define the crime of aggression. The Group was also mandated to specify the conditions under which the ICC should be allowed to prosecute this crime, in particular in light of the responsibility of the UN Security Council for the maintenance of peace and security.

This significant event, which appropriately took place on the African continent, constitutes an important milestone in the history of international criminal justice, particularly in relation to the crime of aggression and for victims [?] .

“[T]he decision, we believe, should be rooted in considerations of strengthening international criminal law and building a strong judicial institution that can lead the fight against impunity for the worst abuses against civilians. We urge states parties to conduct their discussions in a way to minimize the potential for divisiveness that would otherwise compromise the robust support the court needs from the community of states that helped create it”. [C] CC

This successful review of the ICC and the Rome Statute system, created to put an end to impunity for serious crimes, can be summed up as follows:

“[R}ome is the place where the ICC Statute was adopted and Kampala the place where it was completed”. [?]

Robert Jackson’s famous Nuremberg promise, was that:

“[T] he ultimate step in avoiding periodic wars, which are inevitable in a system of international lawlessness, is to make statesmen responsible to law. And let me make clear that while this is first applied against German aggressors, the law includes, and if it is to serve a useful purpose it must condemn, aggression by other nations, including those which si