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Abstract Nowadays, there are still many problems facing China’s rural public goods supply, such as shortage of supply, imbalanced structure, and absence of efficient supervision on fund utilization and disturbance of supplier. To promote rural economy and social development and accelerate construction of new socialism countryside, the country should reconstruct its rural public goods supply system , establish urban-rural integrated public goods supply mechanism, build up a “Bottom to Top” rural public goods supply decision system, perfect supervision mechanism for rural public goods supply fund and achieve rural public goods investment’s diversification. 1 Introduction To construct new socialism countryside is a heavy decision of our government. It is a long-term and systematic project and the rural public goods supply is its key factor. Now, our country’s rural public goods supply has many problems and seriously hindered the development of rural economy and improvement of farmers’ life quality and thus affected construction of new socialism countryside. Therefore, analyzing current problems of rural public goods supply and discussing how to reconstruct rural public products have a significant meaning. 2 Definitions of Rural Public Goods According to public economics, social products are divided into public goods and private goods. The former has been divided into pure public goods and quasi-public goods. The pure public goods are these social products having complete non-competition and non-excludability features. Non- competition means that an individual’s consumption on public goods will not hinder others’ consumption on public goods; non-excludability means that public goods’ consumption can’t exclude the non-payers or the exclusion is given up due to its high cost. Quasi-public goods are these social products with incomplete non-competition and on-excludability. Private goods refer to the social products occupied and enjoyed by individuals and have competition and exclusiveness. Rural public goods are these products for the purpose of meeting rural public consumption. With its different natures in the course of consumption, rural public goods are divided into pure public goods and quasi-public products. The pure public goods are those social products having complete non-competition and non-excludability features and should be offered by the government for free, such as administrative service of basic government (at the township and county level), basic rural scientific research, strategic research on agricultural development, general planning of rural development, countryside’s environmental protection, rural laws and policies, rural information systems and river dredges, etc. Quasi-rural public goods refer to those social products with incomplete non-competition and non-excludability and can be divided into three types: quasi-public goods similar to pure public goods, such as rural compulsory education, electricity facilities, small valley anti-flood facilities, promotion of agricultural scientific achievement, public health and social insurance, etc; common quasi-public goods, such as senior high school (vocational high school) education, water facilities, medicine, road construction, cultural centre, technique training and information service, etc; quasi-public goods similar to private goods, such as telecom service, cable television and fountain water project for countryside. According to different coverag