The Charity of American Millionaires [4]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-17编辑:黄丽樱点击率:21413
论文字数:6484论文编号:org200904171540455686语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:American millionairecharitable donationcharity foundation美国富豪慈善捐助慈善基金会
nd of Charities in Religion and Culture
Religion and culture also have important effects on the development of charities. They exerted action from men’s heart. They influence peoples’ minds and behavior. Their function should not be underestimated in making people donate of their own accord. To some degree, religion’s effect was definite on the appearing of charity ideology and developing of charity activity.
Firstly, in the pace of charity foundation’s emerging, it originated from and developed with religion. The initial donation was used mostly in religions, such as offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors. Along with the time’s going on, the original religion developed to modern religion which had doctrines and rules, and primitive religious organizations came into being. And the same time, religious activities’ scale was also enlarged and it had organized system. In the middle ages, charity foundation was the same as religious organization. Charity foundation was free from the religion’s domination after the Statute of Charitable Use issued in Britain 1601. Religion organizations did not separate from charity completely, but religion still pushed charity forward. Now, although religious organizations do not manage charity foundation directly, they still make a great contribution to charities.
Secondly, charity ideology originated from religion directly. The most religions of the world encourage people to donate, for example, in Bible, it stipulated that people should offer sacrifices to gods or ancestors and donate. Most of Christians have been kept to this kind of stipulation self-consciously. Christianity had great effects on the rising and developing of charity, especially in American. Christian tradition influenced American minds and behaviors. Why so many American millionaires loved to set up charity foundations, the main reason was their Christianity relief. All the founders and managers were devoted Christian. They supported the doctrine absolutely. Andrew Carnegie said: “The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced.” Because of this kind of stipulation and thoughts, it formed one ethos that moneygrubbers are discreditable. These people who had not donated until he died must be condemned. Rockefeller said his doing charities should be attributed to his belief of Christianity. Fredrick T Gates was also a devoted Christian who helped Rockefeller to establish foundation management. He managed Rockefeller foundation scientifically and started the scientific donation.
Culture exerted a subtle influence on human’s minds and behavior. Most of literary works called on people to do well and be far from greed. There were so many homologies about charity ideology in most of countries there were much more large charity foundations in quantity and scale in America. It showed that America had its own specialty. Its culture’s effects were different from other countries. We had known that American culture originated from Europe, especially from Britain. But it was not only inheritance simply. It had made American culture have its own new characteristics constantly. Especially, individualism became the heart of value of American culture. It preached individual independence, creativity and development. It also stressed that individual should not be controlled by social or government. For the influence of this kind of culture, American millionaires paid taxes unwillingly to the government. They did not believe in government. They thought tha
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