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本文语料取自第五版外国护理学校毕业生委员会专业部门(美国)编著的护士资格考试指南中的大纲试题，由四套题，八部分，共1040道选择题组成。该试题的出题者为美国人，目的在于检测美国之外的护理学校毕业生的护理能力。近年来，由于越来越多的中国护理学生和护士申请参加这项测试以考取美国护士资格证，该测试在中国的地位变得日趋重要。
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 CGFNS Qualifying Exam
CGFNS,whose full name is Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools,was founded by American Nursing Association and National League of Nursing in the United States in 1977.Till now more than 40 countries have introduced this exam.And in China, Ministry of Education has been authorized to organize the exam since 2003.CGFNS Qualifying Exams aim at assessing the qualification of the graduate of a nursing school located outside the America.It measures people’s knowledge and understanding of nursing and is based on what nurses must know and so in the United States.
One of the necessary conditions for the non-American nursing student to become a registered nurse in the United States is to pass this exam.The CGFNS validity studies have indicated that about 85 percent to 90 percent of the internationally educated nurses who obtain the CGFNS certificate can also pass the American Registered Nurse Examination.The foundations of the CGFNS Qualifying Exam are patient needs,which include four major categories: safe&effective care environment,health promotion&maintenance,psychosocial integrity and physiological integrity.All these categories are manifested via nursing process,caring,communication, cultural awareness,documentation,self-care and teaching/learning.Among them,the nursing process is the basic item which is integrated throughout the CGFNS Qualifying Exam.The nursing process is a step-by-step,problem-solving approach in the United States.The five basic steps of nursing process are assessment,analysis,planning,implementation and evaluation.Nursing students are taught to use the nursing process in thinking about how to meet the needs of their patients.
1.2 Background and Significance of the Study
1.2.1 Background of the Study
Nurses outside the U.S.A with nursing capabilities are preferred because skilled nurses are in short supply in the United States.The shortness of nurse roots in these factors: declining birth rate,aging population and the breakdown of the nursing profession.Nurses with international nursing skills have the priority immigration status.One of the conditions of immigrating for them is to pass the CGFNS Qualifying Exam，so more and more people become interested in studying medical English.On the other hand,the American healthcare system is undergoing rapid change.They have developed their ideas on how to treat their patients,that is,the patient’s need is the only and the most important principle but not their diseases,which is different from ours.That is to say,the nursing model has been changing from pathological care to biology-psychology-society medical care.Patient’s need is the foundation of the whole nursing procedure,and it makes the content of the test have also changed from the pure theoretical test into a more practical-oriented one.

Reference
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