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ess  of metaphor study. The publication of Metaphors We Live By (1980) is a turning-point by studying the cognitive nature of metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson (1980) made a statement that  metaphor  is  pervasive  in  everyday  life.  By  analyzing  a  great  amount  of metaphorical expressions, they concluded that metaphor is comprehending one concept in  terms  of  another.  Human  conceptual  system  is  metaphorical  in  nature.  Although  we cannot notice it in our thinking and action, it always works automatically. We can testify this  view  in  our  lingual  expressions.  Later,  Lakoff  (1987)  proposed  cross-domain mapping theory. He (1987) stated that a metaphor contains a source domain and a target domain. A metaphor works out when the source domain maps onto the target domain. In the  mapping  process  there  exists  cognitive  force  of  metaphor  according  to  Lakoff  and Turner.  Mapping  is  systematic.  It  happens  at  the  conceptual  level.  There  exists  a  fixed set  of  correspondences  between  the  source  domain  and  the  target  domain.  The  second one  is  conceptual  blending  theory  which  proposed  by  Fauconnier  and  Turner(1996). 
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Conclusion

Animal metaphor is an important part of human language and culture. The use of animal  metaphors  is  closely  associated  with  our  underlying  cognitive  and  cultural models. This thesis makes a contrast of animal metaphors between English and Chinese by  listing  a  large  number  of  classical  examples  on  the  theoretical  base  of  conceptual metaphor  theory.  We  can  find  there  are  similarities  and  differences  between  English animal  metaphors  and  Chinese  animal  metaphors.  The  similarities  lie  in  that  the connotations  of  metaphors  concerning  with  same  kind  of  animal  are  similar.  The differences  lie  in  the  conflicts  and  gaps.  Conflicts  include  metaphors  concerning  with the  same  animal  image  have  different  connotations  and  metaphors  concerning  with different animal images have same connotation. Gaps include animal metaphors gaps in English  and  Chinese.  By  deep  exploration,  the  author  finds  out  the  reasons  for similarities and differences.Though  the  author  tried  her  best  to  accomplish  the  contrast  between  English animal metaphors and Chinese animal metaphors, there are still some shortcomings due to time limitation and author’s academic ability. Firstly, the data are mainly from printed works and the Internet, some of them may be not autho本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。