英语论文网

种族问题在北美由来已久。爱德华多.博尼利亚席尔瓦在他新的著作《没有种族歧视主义者的种族歧视问题》当中探讨了这个问题。博尼利亚席尔瓦将新的种族歧视定义为不分肤色的歧视。不分肤色的种族歧视主义由四个框架搭建而成。它将纯白种人与其他号称有着白种人体质的少数族群分隔开来。不分肤色的种族歧视已经影响到了很多人，而这些人甚至没有意识到自己正在、已经或者将要被影响。

博尼利亚席尔瓦认为，不分肤色的种族歧视，是一种在二十世纪六十年代获得极大凝聚力和占据了主导地位的意识形态，，它将现代种族不平等解释为种族歧视的结果。为了分析这种种族歧视，博尼利亚席尔瓦从1997年大学生社会态度调查和1998年底特律地区调查中收集了大量采访数据。随后博尼利亚将这个种族歧视的研究分析分解为四个中心主题，以此来阐释白种人是如何在种族问题之外是如何认知这个世界的：抽象自由，归化移植，文化种族主义，最小额量化。

Race has been an issue in North America for many years. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva discusses the new racism in his book, Racism without Racists. Bonilla-Silva classifies the new racial discrimination as color blind racism. Color blind racism is then structured under four frames (26). Color blind racism is believed to have lead to the segregation of the white race from other minorities called white habitus. Color blind racism and white habitus has affected many people, whom don’t even realize that they are currently affected, have been or will be affected.

Color blind racism is an “ideology, which acquired cohesiveness and dominance in the late 1960s, explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynamics,” according to Bonilla-Silva (2). In order to analyze color blind racism, Bonilla-Silva relies “mostly on interview data (11)” through a 1997 Survey of Social Attitudes of College Students and a 1998 Detroit Area Study (DAS) (12). Bonilla-Silva then breaks down the analysis of color blind racism into four central themes to convey how whites explain a world without racial issues: Abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization.

Abstract liberalism is “ideas associated with political liberalism and economic liberalism” (28). Abstract liberalism is used for a wide range of issue therefore Bonilla-Silva gives a few different examples of when this frame is used. Rationalizing Racial Unfairness in the Name of Equal Opportunity was used when asking white students “if minorities should be provided unique opportunities to be admitted into universities” (31). Most whites will state that everyone should have an equal opportunity. Those whites, “ignored the effects of past and contemporary discrimination on the social, economic, and educational status of minorities,” argues Bonilla-Silva (31). Some of the other views explained are: “The Most Qualified…”: A Meritocratic Way of Defending White Privilege, “Nothing Should be Forced upon People”: Keeping Things the Way They Are, and Individual Choice or an Excuse for Racial Unfairness and Racially Based Choices. The reasoning for abstract liberalism usually deals with equal opportunity, choice and individualism as a defense to white privilege (28). In this frame, it says that you can’t allow preferential treatment to certain groups to promote racial equality because equal opportunity is available for everyone. This denies that there are any advantages to whites based from history.

Cultural racism uses the “they don’t have i本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。