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在“文化研究简介，首次修订版”的第八章里，作者对亚文化群、阅读、阻力和社会分化在更广泛的范围里做了介绍。亚文化群现在被认为是社会的分化。如今的亚文化群比以往任何时候都要明显，不管是'意识形态，异常行为，年龄还是性别，都能够体现出来。亚文化群通常被认为与其所属的更大规模文化群相对。为了能够更好的被区分，它们的构成、意识形态和对社会的影响，都会十分明显。

本章将重点关注亚文化群的发展，社会分化以及发展历程。主要分析年轻的亚文化群。力量与斗争是关注的重中之重，不管是洛杉矶的暴力群体，还是英国的朋克文化。脆弱的共有结构为亚文化群铺路，比如说二十世纪四十年代增长的黑人团体，在白人群体的敌视中危机重重。本章会深入介绍跛子帮及其对洛杉矶中部美国生活方式的影响。种族问题向来饱受争议，跛子帮面临的紧急状况，就是美国社会直到如今依然存在的异常行为。

Subcultures, reading, resistance and social divisions in chapter eight of “Introducing Cultural Studies, revised first edition” illustrates subcultures in a wider context. Subcultures are now renowned as divisions in society. Subcultures are increasingly evident in society than ever before, whether it is through ideology, deviances, youth, gender and race. The subculture may be distinctive because of their race, ethnicity, class and/or gender. Subcultures are often defined as opposition to the larger culture to which they belong to. To be able to find out, their formation, ideology and effects of them on society will be aparent.

The chapter focuses on the developing of subcultures and social divisions, and how they develop. The youth subculture is predominantly analysed. The idea of power and struggle are dominant throughout, whether it is the violent gangs of LA or the British punk subcultures. It is stated that frail communal structure paves the way for subcultures is, for example the rising black gangs in the 1940s, which emerged in reply to white antagonism against the black communities. The chapter talks thoroughly about The Crips and their impact on American way of life in south central LA. The issue of race is always controversial, the emergence of the Crips, is a major form of deviance in America, which in fact still remains today. Perceptions and stereotypes of black people are forever going to be of the negative persuasion. Hostility to white people from blacks is immense, as I believe history shapes the contemporary man or woman through ideology. Even today in Britain, a place like Brixton in London, which has a predominantly black majority of people are portrayed negatively. “Racism has a long and distinguished history in British culture. It is grounded in the relations of slavery, colonial conquest, economic exploitation and imperialism.” (Marris P. & Thornham S : 1999 : p274).

When social structure remains weak people will do what it takes in search of a better life. As the chapter continues to stress, the working class youth subcultures in east London, with regards to Mods and Skinheads, who opposed the working class setup during after the war. Subcultures provide ways to cope with the problems that society has produced.

These subcultures create moral panics through society, with the media playing a pivotal role, certain images and stories can change perceptions and society gathers negative perceptions over certain subcultures. “The media’s main sphere of operations is the production and 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。