英语论文网

The term“project”has different definitions in different fields.According toHedge(1993),a project is completed through a number of activities that areincorporated into the extended work,which typically incorporates linguistic skills.Katz and Chard(2000)propose that a project is an extension of the usual topic thatincludes subtopics that are completed by a few groups in the class and occasionally bya single student.The project’s operating form and substance are indicated by thisdefinition.In summary,a project in education is primarily a learner-centered,real-world activity that can engage students,be completed by students in a class or a group,have a clear goal,and be appropriate for students of any age.

2.1.1 The Definition of the PBL

In the sphere of education,the PBL is initially introduced in the United States.Kilpatrick(1918,p.1)defines the PBL as“the project approach”that builds thegroundwork for future study.The PBL is a group of systematic teaching methods,according to Buck Institute for Education’s definition(2008).It is a procedure forinvestigating difficult issues and for creating,planning,and carrying out projects.Students’knowledge and learning abilities can be enhanced through this method.

Wang(2002)claims that PBL is a type of project-based learning mode that takesthe role of teacher-centered classroom teaching and emphasizes student-centeredlearning activities in order to undermine the discipline system and produce outcomesor manufactured products.By presenting and analyzing issues in real-world activities,students advance their own growth.

2.2 Scaffolding Theory

In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the application ofScaffolding Theory in language teaching.This part mainly discusses its definition,features,classifications,and gives the summary.

2.2.1 The Definition of Scaffolding

The term“scaffolding”,dating from the 1300s,is derived from the architecturalindustry’s scaffolding,an auxiliary tool erected by construction workers to complete aconstruction task and removed when the building is finished.Later,Wood,Bruner&Ross(1976,p.90)firstly applies it to teaching and defines scaffolding as a“processthat enables a child or novice to solve a problem,carry out a task or achieve a goalwhich would be beyond his unassisted efforts.”

According to Maybin,Mercer&Steirer(1992,p.186),“scaffolding”is a termwhich“helps to portray the temporary,but essential nature of the mentor’s assistanceas the learner advances in knowledge and understanding.”In order for a student toeventually be able to execute a similar activity on their own,a teacher will providetemporary support called scaffolding(Gibbons,2002).From Ellis’s view,“scaffolding is an inter-psychological process that helps students dialogically assimilateknowledge.”(Ellis,2013,p.215)

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY......................25

3.1 Research Questions...............................25

3.2 Participants.......................................25

3.3 Method and Instruments.............................26

CHAPTER FOUR DESIGN OF THE ACTION RESEARCH.........32

4.1 The Preparation Stage of the Action Research.............................32

4.1.1 Pre-questionnaire about Students’En本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。