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[Abstract] Vocabulary is one of the three essential elements of language—pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. It is compared to the building material of language. Vocabulary is the vehicle of pronunciation and grammar, without which all the functions of language would not be performed. In the history of foreign language teaching and learning, vocabulary learning and teaching has always been attached great importance to and it has been treated as the key and point of teaching and learning. Nowadays, there appears a tendency of neglecting vocabulary teaching, which results in the students’ low efficiency in vocabulary learning. This has become the hindrance to the students’ improvement in English. This article lists out the criteria and principles observed in selecting words for teaching, puts out stages for vocabulary learning and elaborates on a variety of measures and techniques to arouses students’ enthusiasm in vocabulary learning to help students learn independently so as to reach the final purpose for vocabulary teaching—raise students’ efficiency in vocabulary learning. 【摘要】词汇是语言构成的三大要素之一, 是语言的建筑材料,是语音和语法的承载体。没有词汇作为基础, 语言的所有功能只能是一句空谈。在外语的教育和学习中历来重视词汇的习得，因此它一直是外语学习中的重点。目前由于种种原因，在英语教学中存在忽视词汇教学的现象，学生的词汇学习出现了低效现象。针对这种现象，本文归纳了词汇教学中的选词的标准和原则，词汇学习的方法步骤，并提出了各种教学方法和技巧来激发学生词汇学习的兴趣，发挥学生学习的主动性，从而达到词汇教学的最终目的——提高学生词汇学习效率。 1. Introduction Language consists of three basic elements: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Vocabulary is the basic element of language, because thoughts and concepts are all expressed through vocabulary and vocabulary is central to language and critical to the typical language learner. Without it, language no longer exists. Krashen said: “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries.” [1] Wilkins had said “Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” [2] In a word, one’s English level mostly depends on the mastery of vocabulary: the more vocabulary one owns, the more easily is it possible for him to express better. Therefore, as a teacher, she/he must put vocabulary teaching in the first place to help students learn vocabulary well. 2. Problems exist in English vocabulary teaching and learning Vocabulary teaching is an important part in English teaching. However, most of the English teachers today neglect the importance of vocabulary teaching, they pay little attention to the cultivation of students ability to learn vocabulary actively and independently. The things continuing this way, the students easily forget words learned before. The most terrible is that students cannot put learned words into practice.2.1 Problems exist in English vocabulary teaching2.1.1Teachers neglect the importance of vocabularyTeachers leave vocabulary learning to students themselves. Some books tell teachers that students could learn all the words they need without help. In fact, teachers are sometimes told that they ought not to teach too many words before their students have mastered the grammar and the sound system of the language. In journal articles for teachers, vocabulary is seldom mentioned. Pronunciation and grammar were emphasized, but there is little or no emphasis on vocabulary.2.1.2 Teachers neglect teaching techniquesMany teachers do not seem to take a systematic approach to vocabulary teaching. They often prepare lessons just before class, and there is no long-term planning. In class, teachers do not put students in the first place, and