英语论文网

摘要：代写留学生硕士论文，本报告是由杰奎琳maleko，工业部，贸易和市场营销，unitedrepublic坦桑尼亚的框架内，联合国开发计划署（开发计划署）资助的项目的贸易能力发展的非洲和联合（国际贸易中心（国贸中心）/贸发会议/世界贸易组织（世贸组织））综合技术援助计划（的）选定的最不发达国家和其他非洲国家。象征的联合国文件是由资本与字母组合的特征这样一个符号就是指联合国的某一文件。

BR>ODA official development assistance
OGL open general license
OWIT Organization of Women in Trade
RTA regional trading arrangement
SAP structural adjustment programme
SME small and medium-size enterprise
SADC Southern Africa Development Community
SAP structural adjustment programmes
SIDO Small Investment Development Organization
WED Women Entrepreneurship Development
WTO World Trade Organization
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................1
2. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS / FINDINGS...............................................................................................2
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................................3
2.3 An overview of SAP in East Africa ..............................................................................................4
2.4 Challenges and Constraints faced by women in agriculture and food production........................7
2.5 Impact of SAPs on Women in the agriculture sector ....................................................................9
3. COPING STRATEGIES USED BY WOMEN TO ADDRESS THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF
TRADE LIBERALIZATION…………….……………………………………………………………… 11
3.1 Case study No. 1 from Kenya…………………………….………………………………… 11
3.2 Limitations/constraints/problems facing Maragua women …………………………………. 12
3.3 Case study No. 2 from the United Republic of Tanzania…………………………………… 13
3.4 Case study No. 3 from the United Republic of Tanzania……………………………….…… 14
3.5 General recommendations: agriculture sector……………………………………………… 14
4. CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS FACING WOMEN IN THE INFORMAL
SECTOR………………………………………………………………….……………………………… 16
4.1 Case study No. 4: the Equal Opportunity for All Trust Fund………….……….…………………… 20
4.2 Case study No. 5 from Uganda: Women Entrepreneurs Association…..…………………… 21
4.3 Case study No. 6 from Kenya: women in handcraft export ……………………………… 22
4.4 Case study No. 7 from the United Republic of Tanzania ….…………………………… 24
4.5 Case study No. 8: options for financing SMEs through SIDO……………………………… 24
5. OPPORTUNITIES UNDER THE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM………………………26
5.1 Trade-related technical assistance ……………………………………………………… 26
5.2 Regional Trading Arrangement / East African Community Treaty……………………………27
5.3 Challenges and constraints in responding to trade opportunities………………………………28
6. GENDER ISSUES EMERGING FROM NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
TRADE POLICIES......................................................................................................................................30
6.1 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................30
7. STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES NEEDED TO ADDRESS EXISTING GENDER GAPS AT
NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS............................................................. 32
7.1 Strategic Objective No 1: Increase women’s access ...................................................................32
7.2 Strategic Objective No 2: Create an enabling business environment for women............