企业环境绩效:中国和韩国之间的比较 [10]
论文作者:论文网论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2016-05-18编辑:anne点击率:26503
论文字数:11228论文编号:org201605092201409397语种:英语 English地区:韩国价格:免费论文
关键词:企业的环境表现中国和韩国的企业比较
摘要:企业环境下的表现可能对投资者的决策施加影响的原因有两个主要因素。
he R&D capital is mainly from the fiscal expenditure of government. The R&D of enterprises is so dependent on the government and lack of capability in R&D. They are not aware of the importance of technological innovation and the core of the scientific and technological competitiveness, resulting in the separation between research, development and production and the difficulty in converting the scientific achievements. It is a very important issue that has an influence on the international competitiveness of science and technology in Chinese enterprises. Third, the staffing of R&D personnel in China is unreasonable. Two advantages of Chinese group of scientific and technological talents are undesirable quality of the talents and unreasonable distribution of talents. The ability of Chinese scientific and technological talents to adjust to the social economic development and contribute to the economic growth seems not very favorable. Seeing from the distribution of talents in different institutions, the R&D personnel in developed countries mainly gather in the enterprises. In 1995, the R&D personnel in the enterprises accounted for 83.2% of overall staffs in America, and in German, this number is 61.9%, 61.1% in Japan. But in China, it turned 39.1%. Most of the personnel converge in the scientific research institutions and universities and often lack in the cooperation and link with the enterprises. This kind of staffing is the obstacle of the Chinese science and technology which is strengthening the economic development. Fourth, the output efficiency of Chinese research and development institutions is very low. In 2000, in China there were 28,461 R&D institutions with an average of 112 R&D personnel in every institution. But about half of these institutions have not published any
essay in one year; only 5% of these institutions have acquired some state-level achievements and 15% have gained some ministerial achievements. These institutions has got on average 0.09 patents for invention per year and less than ten achievements in 97% of the institutions were put into use. In 1998, the IMD evaluation report of the international competitiveness showed that the average amount of valid patent every one billion people held is two in China in 1995, ranking 36th in the world, far less than 1409 in Switzerland, 1058 in Sweden and 1018 in Canada, the rankings of which were respectively No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. In 1996, nominally the GDP in the mainland of China was one sevenths of that in America and the R&D capital in America was 2.5% of all the GDP. So according to the total amount, it could be seen that the R&D capital of China occupied one thirty-fifths of that of America and later in 1997, it rose somewhat to one thirty-firsts. Besides through the statistics, the number of papers and patents of science and technology in one year in China is respectively one thirty-fifths of that in America. That is to say, even the number and funding of patents and essays are similar to that in America(actually it will be lower judged by the purchasing power ), but the output level, ridiculously low, can not make the most of the advantage of backwardness. In comparison with this problem, the shortage of input is more serious than a certain extent. With the low output efficiency, the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements will be lower and as a consequence of this, the sustainable development of
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