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erent degrees especially the improvement of rankings of technological management and scientific environment is very obvious, apart from the intellectual property protection. Though the technological career also makes great progress, it does not mean that the development of Chinese science and technology is very satisfactory and that Chinese science and technology can meet the needs of national economy and social development. If we conduct an in-depth analysis within a broader background, we will find that there still exist some inherent and fundamental problems with regard to the social economic system and the reform of science and technology system in Chinese science and technology. And some of the problems are very serious and need to be paid more attentions to them. Firstly, the investment in technology is not enough in China. Using the percentage of R&D investment of GDP to assess the capital investment in science and technology, it is shown that China ranks 34th in the IMD evaluation report in 1998. In 1996, this index in China is 0.482% within the eighth five-year (from 1991 to 1995) program during which the average growth rate of Chinese GDP is 11.6% and that of fiscal revenue is 16.7%, but that of funding of scientific and technological activities reaches only 6.9%, much less than the growth rate of GDP and fiscal revenue of the same period. Then over the years, this percentage of GDP has been changed inclined in to decrease. In 1992, it is 0.7%, 0.62% in 1993, 0.5% in 1994, 0.49% in 1995 and 0.48 in 1996. But since 1997, the total R&D expenditure has to a great extent increased and has come to 48.19 billion RMB accounting for 0.64% of GDP in the same year. Till 2000, the total R&D expenditure was 89.77 billion RMB occupying 1% of GDP, but we should notice that this number in developed countries like the U.S.A. is about 2.5%. So Chinese investment in R&D is obviously insufficient and can not satisfy the needs of research and development, accordingly to the international competitiveness of which can not keep up with the level of developed countries. Secondly, the dominant investors of R&D are severely insufficient. The capital source of R&D is mainly from the enterprises and complemented by the fiscal expenditure of the government in most developed countries, in which the investment in R&D fully reflects the operation regularity of market economy. Take the comparison between the percentage of R&D capital in different departments in China and that in other countries for example. In Chinese enterprises, the R&D capital accounts for 42.9%, with 55% in the research and development institutions and institutions of higher education. However in American enterprises, the employees who are engaged to the research and development accounts for 80.8% and the R&D capital occupies 72.7% with only 24.1% in research and development institutions and institutions of higher education. Evidently the distribution of R&D capital in Chinese enterprises and institutions are unreasonable and does not reflect the operation regularity of market economy. In China, the dominant investors are at great shortage and the conversion rate of scientific achievements is very low. What lead to the shortage of dominant investors? It is imputed to one striking feature Chinese scientific and technological mechanism has. That is the nationalization and administrative intensification of scientific and technological activities. T