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As could be seen from comparing the data that, the inflation rates of 1.1%, 1.1% and 1.2% in 2012-2014 remained at a low level within the target range, and the inflation rate in 2015 exceeded the low target value of 1% and reached 0.3%, indicating that from 2012 to 2015, New Zealand's inflation rate was relatively low (Yépez, 2017). The impact of low inflation rate was mainly manifested in the following aspects. For consumers, the decline in corporate profits caused by falling prices and reduced production enthusiasm would reduce the income of employees, increase unemployment rate, lead to economic downturn and consumers’ lack of confidence in spending, people could not spend money for consumption. For product manufacturers, sustained, general decline of prices made product prices decline, corporate profits reduce, which would seriously combat the enthusiasm of producers, so that producers would reduce production or even stop production, thereby social economic growth was inhibited. For the overall economy, the low rate of inflation led that enterprises would not invest, people dare not to consume, production and consumer demand have been suppressed, affecting the economic development. At the same time, deflation made currency more expensive, which in fact increased borrowers’ debt burden, so that borrowers would be unable to repay the loan, resulting in a large number of non-performing assets for banks, and even bank collapsed, the financial system collapsed, while the too low expansion rate would bring the decline in the stock market, foreign capital and gold outflowed, there was a lack of investment in enterprises, production was hampered, which also affected New Zealand's foreign trade, low inflation rate has caused great harm to New Zealand's overall economic development.

2.4 GDP
There are three ways to calculate GDP: production method, income and expenditure methods. The three methods reflect the achievements of national economic production from different angles. Calculating GDP by the production method refers to calculating GDP according to the output value of the various departments of provision of material products and services. This calculation reflects the source of GDP. Income method is the method of calculating the final outcome of production activities of resident units engaged in production activities: Added value = labor remuneration + net production tax + depreciation of fixed assets + operating surplus.
Expenditure method is a method of calculation of GDP from the perspective of the final use to measure the final outcome of the production within a certain period of time of all resident units. In practice, the expenditure method to calculate GDP is calculation of the sum of the expenditure of a country or a region in a certain period in consumption, business investment, government purchases, net exports and other areas. GDP = C + I + G + (X-M). The consumption refers to products and services that a family buys, such as private cars that a family buys. The investment includes enterprise fixed investment, fixed investment in housing, inventory investment, such as business investment in machinery and equipment, purchase of housing. Government purchases include expenditures on government purchases, such as defense spending. Net