摘要:To conclude, some suggestions are given below:
Promote the NAS in Chinese audit market. As illustrated above, NAS will enhance the audit work rather than impair the independence, the promotion of NAS will help to increase the Chinese audits’ quality and enhance the auditors’ performance.
.98% 100.00%
1890-1899 26.90% 16.53% 48.00% 4.00% 4.57% 100.00%
1900-1909 30.03% 11.27% 48.87% 0.35% 4.80% 4.70% 100.00%
1910-1919 40.05% 7.58% 41.60% 1.63% 3.35% 5.80% 100.00%
1920-1929 26.03% 9.50% 51.40% 4.27% 4.00% 4.80% 100.00%
1930-1939 3.60% 12.40% 69.37% 6.07% 2.33% 6.23% 100.00%
1940-1949 3.48% 8.75% 68.45% 7.80% 1.73% 9.80% 100.00%
1950-1959 1.73% 6.80% 64.30% 12.17% 1.87% 13.13% 100.00%
1960 0.20% 8.50% 59.70% 11.10% 2.40% 18.10% 100.00%
Jones.(1981), Accountancy and the British Economy 1840-1980: The evolution of Ernst & Whinney, London: Batsford. pp.47-99
There is no doubt that the emergence of audit also promotes the development and enlarges the scope of the NAS. Audits provide a platform for NASs. The 1947 AICPA statement suggested that many NASs had their roots in the audit practice. They evolved from requests by audit clients for additional services that their auditors seemed best suited or capable of providing, as well as from the special skills needed to audit new and complex business transactions. Today, effective audits depend more than ever on specialists. For example, specialists used in audits include:
Technology and systems specialists
Actuaries, to help evaluate risk management controls, insurance companies’ reserves, and pension and other benefit accruals
Treasury specialists, to help evaluate controls over cash management, financing, currency and derivatives
Tax specialists, to help evaluate tax liabilities and deferred tax assets
Valuation specialists, to help evaluate the reasonableness of valuations of financial instruments, stock issued for assets or services, and allocations of the purchase price of acquired businesses
The accountancy companies gain more information through audits and therefore are able to supply more precise advice and consultancy which enhance the quality of the NAS. From the client’s perspective, the consultancy services provided by accountancy companies are preferable because accountancy companies as the independent provider of audits are more likely to keep business secrets for their clients than other consultancy organizations. Furthermore, accountancy companies are more familiar with the clients’ management, internal system through auditing the clients and therefore are more likely to be able to provide high quality consultancy services.
Moreover, there has been an explosive growth in NAS in recent years, to the point where many large firms’ revenues from these services exceed their audit revenue. It is a global trend that the NAS get developed rapidly, and is not the particular situation of some specific countries or accountancy companies.
The average global non audit revenue has been taking a half portion of total revenue.
Auditing &Accounting Taxation Other services (consultancy services)
1997 1993 1997 1993 1997 1993
Global average 50.3% 52.2% 20.6% 19.5% 29.1% 28.3%
Global Big 5 Average 41.8% 48.8% 19.5% 19.3% 38.8% 32.0%
Global non-big 5 average 53.5% 53.6% 21.0% 19.5% 25.5% 26.9%
U.S. total Accountancy companies average 41.0% 47.4% 28.3% 30.7% 30.7% 21.9%
U.S. big 5 Average 34.5% 48.8% 20.7% 22.7% 44.8% 28.5%
U.S. non-big 5 43.0% 47.0% 30.7% 33.1% 26.4% 19.9%
European Big 5 average 47.3% 51.4% 22.3% 21.9% 30.4% 26.7%
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