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As the successful BR ANEMARK SYSTEM results first achieved in the totally edentulous mandible were extended to include a wide range of treatment situations in both jaws and the craniofacial region, the need for a self-tapping fixture for use in areas characterized by softer bone quality became evident.
     In 1983, the first BR ANEMARK SYSTEM self-tapping fixture was introduced, for use in the maxilla. Many clinicians also used it in the soft bone of the posterior mandible. In most cases, it was not appropriate for use in other parts of the mandible.
     Today the modified self-tapping fixture. Mark Ⅱ, presented in the following article, can be used almost everywhere-in dense bone, as a well as soft.
     A Fixture That Can be Used Anywhere Provides Many Clinical Advantages
     Mark Ⅱ is the result of decades of BR A NEMARK SYSTEM experience. 
     BR ANEMARK SYSTEM implants have been used for the treatment of more than 300, 000 patients around the world since 1965 and have demonstrated an exceptionally high success rate over the entire period.
     Based on these many years of success, Nobelpharma is now introducing a modified self- tapping fixture, Mark Ⅱ, designed to both simplify the surgical procedure in virtually all implant situations, and thereby-not coincidentally-shorten overall treatment time.
     In all the characteristics essential for osseointegration and prosthetic connectivity and function, the Mark Ⅱ is identical with all the other BRANEMARK SYSTEM fixtures from Nobelpharma.
     At the cutting edge
     The difference between the standard fixture and Mark Ⅱ can be found at the cutting edge.     The tip of the Mark Ⅱ has a different look and does a slightly different job than the apex of the standard fixture. (See Lars Jrneus' article on the preeceding page.)
     Because the Mark Ⅱ has better cutting characteristics than the original self-tapping fixture -which was only intended for use in soft bone regions such as the maxilla and posterior mandible     - the Mark Ⅱ can be used in virtually all kinds of cases, anywhere in either jaw.
     The Mark Ⅱ provides for simplified operating techniques and shorter treatment times because the time-consuming process of tapping each bone site can be eliminated.
     BAANEMARK SYSTEM professionals who carry out the surgery have time for more patients and can reduce the number of components that they keep in stock.
     Extensive trials
     In 1987, clinical trials of the Mark Ⅱ self-tapping fixture began at the Br anemark Clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden and other prominent Scandinavian dental facilities. This original study was extended in 1988 to a formal multicenter study, which was subsequently followed by another multicenter study involving the participation of 17 different clinics.
     In some of the clinics, since then, the self-tapping fixture has totally replaced the standard 3. 75 mm BR ANEMARK SYSTEM fixture (with the occasional exception of the two shortest standard fixture lengths for which there are no Mark Ⅱ equivalents).
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