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作者在言语行为层面上重新探讨了取效行为这一概念，认为取效行为不是说话人单独完成的行为，而是说话人和听话人相互作用的过程。研究的视角就从以往的以说者为中心转换为以听者为中心。本文的价值在于它可以应用于人们的言语交际，从而我们能够更好的理解别人的话语，能够更好的交流。
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Why Perlocution
The tripartite of Speech Act Theory proposed by Austin is a historical and vital thing in the history of pragmatics. However, it is not a fully developed theory. The three components of SAT share an unbalanced concern. Scholars have analyzed, challenged, and modified to an impressive extent Austin's initial conception of locutionary and illocutionary acts, especially the second one- illocutionary act. And speech act has come to refer exclusively to illocutionary act. In contrast, the perlocutionary acts have received much less attention and always been problematic. There are only a few studies about this topic: (Cohen, 1973; Campbell, 1973; Gaines, 1979; Davis, 1980; Gu, 1993; Attardo, 1997; Kurzon, 1998; Marcu, 2000). Black (1969), Sandock (1974), Van Dijk(1977), Bach and Harnish (1979) and Leech (1983) give only peripheral discussions on perlocution.
Perlocutionary acts have been always problematic, because scholars regard it as a phenomenon outside the framework of linguistic analysis. Such an incomplete study cannot give us a panoramic view of speech acts. The speech act is not a complete speech act without perlocutionary act. Gu has proposed (1993) that perlocutionary acts should be seen, even from a linguistic perspective, as phenomena within the domain of sociolinguistics and social interaction. And among the limited study on perlocution, Gu's study is typical“…the perlocutionary act is not a single act, but a transaction, and calls for a fresh approach to the study of perlocutionary phenomena"(1993).
Davis (1980) has his reasons of studying perlocution: first, they are especially
interesting for certain issues arising in current action theory; second, a proper understanding of perlocutionary acts will throw some light on the complex phenomena involved in communication. Davis has his conclusion, when we talk to each other, the first thing we want to do is to be understood. We want the hearers to understand our thoughts, if they understand what we say, and then we can say we have communicated to our hearer.
But most of time, we want more, we want our questions be answered, our problems be solved…"It is not enough in these cases to be understood, but what we want to bring about are certain effects, on the thoughts, actions, or feelings of our hearers, for our purpose in bringing these about is the point or purpose of our communication and the achieving of our purpose is the performance of a perlocutionary act"(Davis, 1980). So we say linguistic communication involves not only the speaker but also the hearer. The hearer is not a white paper that no matter what the speakers want, they can write as they like. Since hearers may have different religious faith, educational background, experience, sex and age and they may have a different reaction on the same message. So we won't neglect the hearers' response act. Therefore, in the study of actual communication, we should also consider the hearer as the active role. Inthe previous study, scholars always pay their attention on the illocution, which means the study of the speaker. But now, the author wants to study perlocuti本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。