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An example of this is IBM, which made a systemic change specificallydesigned to increase innovation. Talented managers were placed incharge of emerging business opportunities, or EBOs. They were givenalmost no staff, just as if they were beginning an entrepreneurialventure, but significant financial and other resources. A system wasdesigned within the company to specifically encourage innovation anddevelopment of new business ideas to the full implementation stage(Deutschman 2005). Interestingly enough, the stimulus for this radicalchanged in organisation systems occurred while a senior executive wasteleworking, considering quarterly reports from a number of departments(Deutschman 2005).

These were not small undertakings; each EBO project was for a productor service line with at least a potential of one billion US dollars inrevenue. IBM had traditionally had difficulty turning their R&Ddevelopments into viable businesses. Instead, they saw otherscapitalizing on their research. Twenty-two successful EBOs had beenlaunched by the end of 2004; three unsuccessful ones had failed. EBOsnow account for $15 billion US in annual revenue, and are growing at arate of 40% (Deutschman 2005).

This is reinforced by Damanpour, who in synthesising a number ofresearch initiatives concluded that increased bureaucratic controlnegatively influences innovation (1996). However, large organisationsthat strategically plan systems to encourage innovation or whostreamline and simplify their systems related to innovation are thebest poised to create an innovative environment (Deutschman 2005).

DEFINITION

The high-tech sector is relatively new to the business community,having only come into prominence in the last thirty years. A broaddefinition would include not only organisations that produce advancedelectronic- or computer-related products or services, but also firmsthat use such equipment (Hirsch, Kett and Trefil 2002). This includesa variety of industries, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals,financial services, banking, and more. As this is too large anddiverse a group of businesses to consider in this research, this studywill focus on companies that both use and produce high-tech products orservices.

High-tech companies, to be considered for inclusion in this study, must:

▫ Produce products or services related to advanced electronics, computers, or digital media.

▫ Be themselves avid users of the above products and services.

A high-tech organisation, as defined in this research, is anorganisation that both produces and heavily uses advanced technologyproducts and services, particularly those related to the computerindustry.

HIGH-TECH CHARACTERISTICS

The characteristics of high-tech companies also differ sharply fromtheir counterparts in other production and service sectors. Two majordifferences are the typical amount of change and the speed at whichthis change occurs. “By the time a patent is approved, the state ofthe market 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。