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to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars-one, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses（屠宰场）.
Back in the early 1900’s, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a “disassembly line”. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
“The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assemble team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed(拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It hasn’t long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation(自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
36 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?
A He introduced a new way of production.
B He influenced all manufacturing.
C He inspired other auto makers.
D He changed a historian’s mind.
37 The writer mentions” slaughterhouses” because they were the places where
A Ford’s assembly line originated
B Ford made his first car.
C Ford readjusted the assembly line.
D Ford innovated the disassembly line.
38 A magneto is a technical term for
A an automobile.
B a production line
C a part of an automobile engine.
D a disassembly line
39 the phrase” turning out” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A “ producing”
B “ selling”
C “buying”
D “fixing”
40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry Ford
A to create more jobs for the unemployed
B to write a book on history
C to reduce the price of his cars to $260
D to cut the production of his cars by 50%
第三篇 Play
Play is the principal business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy, every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Their main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years resea