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llion, with an increase of 10.99 million persons in that year alone. Such a large population exerts pressures on the country’s natural resources. Between the 6th five-year plan period 1981-85) and the 8th five-year plan period (1991-95) the pace of urbanization in China accelerated. During the 9th five-year plan period (1996-2000), China’s annual rate of growth in urbanization was 0.40%-0.47%. By 1999, the urbanization level was 30.9% and the urban population totaled 389.03 million. One implication of the growing density of urbanization is that the share of urban domestic pollution in the total pollution load now exceeds 50%. As a result, the development of urban environmental infrastructure is a priority area for investment.
2.2.2 Regional Variations in Economic Development
There is wide variation in economic development between the different regions in China and the gap is steadily increasing. This difference is reflected in indicators such as per capita GDP, per capita income and household expenditure, per capita energy consumption and pollution discharge. Great differences are emerging by reference to data on the eastern, central and western parts of China6. To narrow the gap among the regions the government initiated the West China Development Strategy in 1999, which aims to redirect investment towards this area and away from the coastal regions in the east that have to date been the principal targets for investors.
2.2.3 Regional Variation in Volumes of Pollution Discharge
Differences in economic development among the regions are also reflected in variation in the level of pollution discharge per unit of production. To illustrate this, Table 1 presents selected indicators of economic development and industrial pollution discharge for different regions across a number of. This indicates that the share of industrial pollution discharge in central and western China to total industrial pollution discharge is increasing.
An important indicator that relates economic development to industrial pollution discharge is the intensity of industrial pollutant discharge per unit of output value. Comparing this for eastern, central, and western China shows that the “move to the east” of the economic centre and the “move to the west” of industrial pollution have resulted in a fan-like pattern in the level of industrial pollutant discharge. In both 1995 and 1998 the intensity of industrial pollutant discharge broadened in moving from eastern China to the centre and on to western China (Cao et al., 1999).
The Chinese government is currently finalizing the country’s 10th five-year plan of social and economic development. The draft plan prepared by the State Council will be submitted to the 2001 meeting of the National People’s Congress for discussion and approval. In this context, the comments in this section are tentative. They are based on the authors’ analysis of published literature and research undertaken to support preparation of the plan. A fuller commentary can only be provided when both the plan and the longer-term plan to 2010 are released next year.

Sources: China Environmental Statistical Data, 1981-1990; Editorial Committee of China Environment Yearbook, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1999; State Statistics Bureau, 1991, 1999.
 
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